系统运维
Apache的访问控制有两种：一是对目录进行限制，一是对文件进行限制。依次介绍这两种访问控制方式。我们的虚拟机有两个IP：一个127.0.0.1，另一个192.168.147.132。如果我们不想让其中一个IP比如127.0.0.1访问我们的网站。（其实主要是限制别人，不是限制自己，这里只是举例子）
编辑虚拟主机配置文件
[root@centos6 ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
添加限制127.0.0.1访问网站根目录的访问控制方法：
……
ServerName www.test.com
ServerAlias www.aaa.com
ServerAlias www.bbb.com
AllowOverride None
Options None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
Deny from 127.0.0.1
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.aaa.com$ [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.bbb.com$
RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://www.test.com/$1 [R=301,L]
……
按Order顺序匹配，与下面Allow行和Deny行的先后无关。这里Order顺序为先看allow，再看deny，
所以先允许所有的IP访问，再禁止127.0.0.1的访问，最终结果是127.0.0.1被禁止。
检查无误后重新加载配置文件，可以看到我们做到了拒绝127.0.0.1的访问，192.168.147.132仍可访问
[root@centos6 ~]# apachectl -t
Syntax OK
[root@centos6 ~]# apachectl graceful
[root@centos6 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -I www.test.com
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Date: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:18:57 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Unix) PHP/5.4.36
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
[root@centos6 ~]# curl -x192.168.147.132:80 -I www.test.com
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Date: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:19:07 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Unix) PHP/5.4.36
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.4.36
location: forum.php
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Expires: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:19:07 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
[root@centos6 ~]# curl -x192.168.147.132:80 -I www.test.com/forum.php
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:19:26 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Unix) PHP/5.4.36
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.4.36
Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_saltkey=NwiTwCJX; expires=Mon, 13-Feb-2017 16:19:26 GMT; path=/; httponly
Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_lastvisit=1484407166; expires=Mon, 13-Feb-2017 16:19:26 GMT; path=/
Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_sid=BreFeR; expires=Sun, 15-Jan-2017 16:19:26 GMT; path=/
Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_lastact=1484410766%09forum.php%09; expires=Sun, 15-Jan-2017 16:19:26 GMT; path=/
Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_onlineusernum=1; expires=Sat, 14-Jan-2017 16:24:26 GMT; path=/
Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_sid=BreFeR; expires=Sun, 15-Jan-2017 16:19:26 GMT; path=/
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Expires: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:19:26 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=gbk
我们网站后台肯定不能对任意IP开放访问，比如只能允许在本机登录后台，则需要对后台管理admin.php做白名单：正常情况下，所有人都能看到这个页面，这样不合适
在虚拟主机配置文件中加入如下内容：只允许127.0.0.1访问admin.php
……
AllowOverride None
Options None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
Deny from 127.0.0.1
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from 127.0.0.1
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.aaa.com$ [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.bbb.com$
RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://www.test.com/$1 [R=301,L]
……
检查无误后重新加载配置文件，可见现在只允许127.0.0.1登入后台管理，不能通过192.168.147.132访问后台管理了，这样就安全了。
[root@centos6 ~]# apachectl -t
Syntax OK
[root@centos6 ~]# apachectl graceful
[root@centos6 ~]# curl -x192.168.147.132:80 -I www.test.com/admin.php
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Date: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:36:15 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Unix) PHP/5.4.36
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
[root@centos6 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -I www.test.com/admin.php
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:36:25 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Unix) PHP/5.4.36
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.4.36
Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_saltkey=zvA82A89; expires=Mon, 13-Feb-2017 16:36:25 GMT; path=/; httponly
Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_lastvisit=1484408185; expires=Mon, 13-Feb-2017 16:36:25 GMT; path=/
Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_sid=qe5kCO; expires=Sun, 15-Jan-2017 16:36:25 GMT; path=/
Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_lastact=1484411785%09admin.php%09; expires=Sun, 15-Jan-2017 16:36:25 GMT; path=/
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Expires: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:36:25 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=gbk
