这篇文章给大家分享的是有关Python实现Canny及Hough算法代码的案例分析的内容。小编觉得挺实用的，因此分享给大家做个参考。一起跟随小编过来看看吧。
任务说明：编写一个钱币定位系统，其不仅能够检测出输入图像中各个钱币的边缘，同时，还能给出各个钱币的圆心坐标与半径。
效果
代码实现
Canny边缘检测：
# Author: Ji Qiu （BUPT）
# filename: my_canny.py
import cv2
import numpy as np
class Canny:
def __init__(self, Guassian_kernal_size, img, HT_high_threshold, HT_low_threshold):
'''
:param Guassian_kernal_size: 高斯滤波器尺寸
:param img: 输入的图片，在算法过程中改变
:param HT_high_threshold: 滞后阈值法中的高阈值
:param HT_low_threshold: 滞后阈值法中的低阈值
'''
self.Guassian_kernal_size = Guassian_kernal_size
self.img = img
self.y, self.x = img.shape[0:2]
self.angle = np.zeros([self.y, self.x])
self.img_origin = None
self.x_kernal = np.array([[-1, 1]])
self.y_kernal = np.array([[-1], [1]])
self.HT_high_threshold = HT_high_threshold
self.HT_low_threshold = HT_low_threshold
def Get_gradient_img(self):
'''
计算梯度图和梯度方向矩阵。
:return: 生成的梯度图
'''
print ('Get_gradient_img')
new_img_x = np.zeros([self.y, self.x], dtype=np.float)
new_img_y = np.zeros([self.y, self.x], dtype=np.float)
for i in range(0, self.x):
for j in range(0, self.y):
if j == 0:
new_img_y[j][i] = 1
else:
new_img_y[j][i] = np.sum(np.array([[self.img[j - 1][i]], [self.img[j][i]]]) * self.y_kernal)
if i == 0:
new_img_x[j][i] = 1
else:
new_img_x[j][i] = np.sum(np.array([self.img[j][i - 1], self.img[j][i]]) * self.x_kernal)
gradient_img, self.angle = cv2.cartToPolar(new_img_x, new_img_y)#返回幅值和相位
self.angle = np.tan(self.angle)
self.img = gradient_img.astype(np.uint8)
return self.img
def Non_maximum_suppression (self):
'''
对生成的梯度图进行非极大化抑制，将tan值的大小与正负结合，确定离散中梯度的方向。
:return: 生成的非极大化抑制结果图
'''
print ('Non_maximum_suppression')
result = np.zeros([self.y, self.x])
for i in range(1, self.y - 1):
for j in range(1, self.x - 1):
if abs(self.img[i][j]) <= 4:
result[i][j] = 0
continue
elif abs(self.angle[i][j]) > 1:
gradient2 = self.img[i - 1][j]
gradient4 = self.img[i + 1][j]
# g1 g2
# C
# g4 g3
if self.angle[i][j] > 0:
gradient1 = self.img[i - 1][j - 1]
gradient3 = self.img[i + 1][j + 1]
# g2 g1
# C
# g3 g4
else:
gradient1 = self.img[i - 1][j + 1]
gradient3 = self.img[i + 1][j - 1]
else:
gradient2 = self.img[i][j - 1]
gradient4 = self.img[i][j + 1]
# g1
# g2 C g4
# g3
if self.angle[i][j] > 0:
gradient1 = self.img[i - 1][j - 1]
gradient3 = self.img[i + 1][j + 1]
# g3
# g2 C g4
# g1
else:
gradient3 = self.img[i - 1][j + 1]
gradient1 = self.img[i + 1][j - 1]
temp1 = abs(self.angle[i][j]) * gradient1 + (1 - abs(self.angle[i][j])) * gradient2
temp2 = abs(self.angle[i][j]) * gradient3 + (1 - abs(self.angle[i][j])) * gradient4
if self.img[i][j] >= temp1 and self.img[i][j] >= temp2:
result[i][j] = self.img[i][j]
else:
result[i][j] = 0
self.img = result
return self.img
def Hysteresis_thresholding(self):
'''
对生成的非极大化抑制结果图进行滞后阈值法，用强边延伸弱边，这里的延伸方向为梯度的垂直方向，
将比低阈值大比高阈值小的点置为高阈值大小，方向在离散点上的确定与非极大化抑制相似。
:return: 滞后阈值法结果图
'''
print ('Hysteresis_thresholding')
for i in range(1, self.y - 1):
for j in range(1, self.x - 1):
if self.img[i][j] >= self.HT_high_threshold:
if abs(self.angle[i][j]) < 1:
if self.img_origin[i - 1][j] > self.HT_low_threshold:
self.img[i - 1][j] = self.HT_high_threshold
if self.img_origin[i + 1][j] > self.HT_low_threshold:
self.img[i + 1][j] = self.HT_high_threshold
# g1 g2
# C
# g4 g3
if self.angle[i][j] < 0:
if self.img_origin[i - 1][j - 1] > self.HT_low_threshold:
self.img[i - 1][j - 1] = self.HT_high_threshold
if self.img_origin[i + 1][j + 1] > self.HT_low_threshold:
self.img[i + 1][j + 1] = self.HT_high_threshold
# g2 g1
# C
# g3 g4
else:
if self.img_origin[i - 1][j + 1] > self.HT_low_threshold:
self.img[i - 1][j + 1] = self.HT_high_threshold
if self.img_origin[i + 1][j - 1] > self.HT_low_threshold:
self.img[i + 1][j - 1] = self.HT_high_threshold
else:
if self.img_origin[i][j - 1] > self.HT_low_threshold:
self.img[i][j - 1] = self.HT_high_threshold
if self.img_origin[i][j + 1] > self.HT_low_threshold:
self.img[i][j + 1] = self.HT_high_threshold
# g1
# g2 C g4
# g3
if self.angle[i][j] < 0:
if self.img_origin[i - 1][j - 1] > self.HT_low_threshold:
self.img[i - 1][j - 1] = self.HT_high_threshold
if self.img_origin[i + 1][j + 1] > self.HT_low_threshold:
self.img[i + 1][j + 1] = self.HT_high_threshold
# g3
# g2 C g4
# g1
else:
if self.img_origin[i - 1][j + 1] > self.HT_low_threshold:
self.img[i + 1][j - 1] = self.HT_high_threshold
if self.img_origin[i + 1][j - 1] > self.HT_low_threshold:
self.img[i + 1][j - 1] = self.HT_high_threshold
return self.img
def canny_algorithm(self):
'''
按照顺序和步骤调用以上所有成员函数。
:return: Canny 算法的结果
'''
self.img = cv2.GaussianBlur(self.img, (self.Guassian_kernal_size, self.Guassian_kernal_size), 0)
self.Get_gradient_img()
self.img_origin = self.img.copy()
self.Non_maximum_suppression()
self.Hysteresis_thresholding()
return self.img 
