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主库搭建好后:
1、打包备份数据
(1)对数据库锁表只读
>flush table with read lock;
(2)默认情况下自动解锁的时间
>show variables like '%timeout%';
(3)锁表后查看主库状态
信息要记录在案,从库连接主库时需要用到
>show master status;
或
# mysql -uroot -p123456 -S/data/3306/mysql.sock -e "show master status"
(4)锁表后开新的窗口,数据量很大(50G以上),允许停机,停机打包
#mkdir -p /server/backup
(5)打包数据
#mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock--events \
-A -B|gzip >/server/backup/mysql_bak.$(date +%F).sql.gz
(6)解锁数据库
#unlock tables;
从库搭建
1、安装MySQL需要的依赖包和编译软件
(1)安装MySQL需要的依赖包
#yum install ncurses-devel libaio-devel -y
(2)安装编译MySQL需要的软件
#tar xf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz#cd cmake-2.8.8#./configure#gmake && gmake install
或者直接yum安装
#yum -y install cmake
2、开始安装MySQL数据库
(1)建立MySQL用户
#useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
(2)采用编译方式安装MySQL
#tar xf mysql-5.5.49.tar.gz#cd mysql-5.5.49#cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.5.49\
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.5.49/data \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.5.49/tmp/mysql.sock\
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 \
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DWITH_DEBUG=0#make && make install#ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.49/ /application/mysql
(3)配置从库配置文件
#mkdir –p /data/3307/data#vim /data/3307/my.cnf[client]
port = 3307
socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
user =mysql
port =3307
socket =/data/3307/mysql.sock
basedir = /application/mysql
datadir = /data/3307/data
open_files_limit = 1024
back_log = 600
max_connections = 800
max_connect_errors = 3000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet =8M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 100
thread_concurrency = 2
query_cache_size = 2M
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
#default_table_type = InnoDB
thread_stack = 192K
#transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 2M
max_heap_table_size = 2M
long_query_time = 1
#log_long_format
#log-error = /data/3307/error.log
#log-slow-queries = /data/3307/slow.log
pid-file = /data/3307/mysql.pid
log-bin = /data/3307/mysql-bin
relay-log = /data/3307/relay-bin
relay-log-info-file = /data/3307/relay-log.info
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_size = 2M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_repair_threads = 1
#myisam_recover
lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-name-resolve
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
server-id = 3
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 4M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 2M
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/3307/mysql_3307.err
pid-file=/data/3307/mysqld.pid
(4)配置从库启动文件
#vim /data/3307/mysql
#!/bin/sh
################################################
#init
port=3307
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd="123456"
CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin"
mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"
#startup function
function_start_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e"$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
/bin/sh${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 >/dev/null &
else
printf "MySQL isrunning...\n"
exit
fi
}
#stop function
function_stop_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock"];then
printf "MySQL isstopped...\n"
exit
else
printf "StopingMySQL...\n"
${CmdPath}/mysqladmin-u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown
fi
}
#restart function
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "RestartingMySQL...\n"
function_stop_mysql
sleep 2
function_start_mysql
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
printf "Usage:/data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac
(5)修改文件权限
#chown -R mysql.mysql /data#chmod 700 /data/3307/mysql
配置全局变量
#echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH'>>/etc/profile#source /etc/profile
初始化数据库
#cd /application/mysql/scripts#./mysql_install_db--basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --user=mysql
启动数据库
#/data/3307/mysql start
登录数据库
#mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
设置登陆密码
#mysqladmin -u root -S /data/3307/mysql.sockpassword '123456'#mysql -uroot -p -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
降权启动
#find /data -type f -name "mysql"|xargschmod 700#find /data -type f -name "mysql" -execchown root.root {} \;
设置开机自启
#echo "#mysql multi instances">>/etc/rc.local#echo "/data/3307/mysql start">>/etc/rc.local
登录数据库
#mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock#show variables like 'server_id';
删除不需要的库
#select user,host from mysql.user;#drop user 'root'@'::1';#drop user ''@'db02';#drop user 'root'@'db02';#drop user ''@'localhost';#flush privileges;
从库连接主库配置信息
登录从库执行
>CHANGE MASTER TO
>MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', <==主库IP
>MASTER_PORT=3306, <==主库端口号
>MASTER_USER='rep', <==复制帐号
>MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', <==rep用户的密码
>MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002',<==主库执行showmaster status;查看到的二进制日志文件名称
>MASTER_LOG_POS=729; <==主库执行show master status;查看到的二进制日志偏移
启动从库复制开关
#mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e"start slave;"#mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e"show slave status\G;"Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
其中显示有上面两行内容表示主从以开始同步
将主库打包数据还原到从库
# gzip -dmysql_bak.2016-08-25.sql.gz# mysql -uroot -p123456 -S/data/3307/mysql.sock
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