点击电脑‘运行’，输入cmd，然后点击确定。
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cmd
2.找到sql的安装路径，打开命令行，进入Binn目录，输入：cmd,回车执行。
binn大致就在这个里面D:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Tools\Binn
3.执行下列语句：
sqlcmd -S localhost -U sa -P pwzyy!@#123 -i C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\script.sql
说明：
-S：数据库服务器地址，我这里是本机直接用localhost
-U：用户名
-P：密码
-d：数据库名
-i：sql文件
0. 目标端必须有同名表，没有则建一个空表；
####################################
1、 源端文件准备
源端：
flush tables t for export;
复制
t.ibd, t.cfg到目标端。
###############################
flush tables tt7 for export;
cp tt7* ../ops
2、 目标端存在同样的表则丢弃原来的数据文件
目标端：
alter table tt7 discard tablespace;
3、 目标端加载新的数据文件 t.ibd
alter table tt7 import tablespace;
4、源端释放锁
源端：
unlock tables;
过程中主要异常处理：
#####################################################
SELECT * FROM ops2.tt7 ;
SELECT * FROM ops.tt7 ;
import tablespace报错：
mysql alter table tt7 import tablespace;
ERROR 1812 (HY000): Tablespace is missing for table ops.tt7.
确认再相应的目录存在两个文件
确认属主和权限
#####################################################
过程
[root@qaserver120 ops]# ll
total 80
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 36 Dec 2 21:42 000
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Dec 2 21:17 tt2.ibd
[root@qaserver120 ops]#
[root@qaserver120 ops]#
[root@qaserver120 ops]#
[root@qaserver120 ops]# cp 000
[root@qaserver120 ops]# ll
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 36 Dec 2 21:42 000
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Dec 2 21:17 tt2.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root 627 Dec 2 21:45 tt7.cfg
-rw-r----- 1 root root 114688 Dec 2 21:45 tt7.ibd
[root@qaserver120 ops]# chown mysql.mysql tt7*
[root@qaserver120 ops]#
[root@qaserver120 ops]# ll
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 36 Dec 2 21:42 000
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Dec 2 21:17 tt2.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 627 Dec 2 21:45 tt7.cfg
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Dec 2 21:46 tt7.ibd
[root@qaserver120 ops]#
#####################################################
mysql show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_ops |
+---------------+
| tt2 |
| tt7 |
+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql select * from tt7;
ERROR 1814 (HY000): Tablespace has been discarded for table 'tt7'
mysql alter table tt7 import tablespace;
ERROR 1812 (HY000): Tablespace is missing for table ops.tt7.
mysql
mysql alter table tt7 import tablespace;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
mysql
mysql select * from tt7;
+--------------+------+
| x | y |
+--------------+------+
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| AAAAAA | NULL |
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| 555555555555 | NULL |
| AAAAAA | NULL |
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| 555555555555 | NULL |
+--------------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql
###############################################
################################################
mysql mysql show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_ops2 |
+----------------+
| tt2 |
| tt3 |
| tt7 |
+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql
mysql use ops
Database changed
mysql show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_ops |
+---------------+
| tt2 |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql
mysql use ops2;
Database changed
mysql select * from tt7;
+--------+------+
| x | y |
+--------+------+
| BBBBBB | NULL |
+--------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql
mysql
mysql insert into tt7 select * from tt3;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql insert into tt7 select * from tt3;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql select * from tt7;
+--------------+------+
| x | y |
+--------------+------+
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| AAAAAA | NULL |
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| 555555555555 | NULL |
| AAAAAA | NULL |
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| 555555555555 | NULL |
+--------------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql
mysql commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql
mysql exit
Bye
[root@qaserver120 pkg]# cd /data/mysql/ops2
[root@qaserver120 ops2]# ll
total 240
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Dec 2 21:17 tt2.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Dec 2 21:17 tt3.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Dec 2 21:36 tt7.ibd
[root@qaserver120 ops2]#
[root@qaserver120 ops2]#
[root@qaserver120 ops2]#
[root@qaserver120 ops2]# mysql -u'root' -p'fgxkB9;Zq40^MFQUi$PJ' -A
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 56
Server version: 8.0.18 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql use ops2
Database changed
mysql
mysql flush tables tt7 for export;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_ops2 |
+----------------+
| tt2 |
| tt3 |
| tt7 |
+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql exit
Bye
[root@qaserver120 ops2]# ll
total 240
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Dec 2 21:17 tt2.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Dec 2 21:17 tt3.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Dec 2 21:36 tt7.ibd
[root@qaserver120 ops2]# ll
total 240
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Dec 2 21:17 tt2.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Dec 2 21:17 tt3.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Dec 2 21:36 tt7.ibd
[root@qaserver120 ops2]# pwd
/data/mysql/ops2
[root@qaserver120 ops2]# cd cd /data/mysql
-bash: cd: cd: No such file or directory
[root@qaserver120 ops2]# cd /data/mysql/ops2
[root@qaserver120 ops2]# ll
total 240
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Dec 2 21:17 tt2.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Dec 2 21:17 tt3.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Dec 2 21:36 tt7.ibd
[root@qaserver120 ops2]# ll -al
total 244
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 51 Dec 2 21:38 .
drwxr-xr-x 12 mysql mysql 4096 Dec 2 21:17 ..
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Dec 2 21:17 tt2.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Dec 2 21:17 tt3.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Dec 2 21:36 tt7.ibd
[root@qaserver120 ops2]# pwd
/data/mysql/ops2
[root@qaserver120 ops2]# mysql -u'root' -p'fgxkB9;Zq40^MFQUi$PJ' -A
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 57
Server version: 8.0.18 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql use ops2
Database changed
mysql show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_ops2 |
+----------------+
| tt2 |
| tt3 |
| tt7 |
+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql select * from tt7;
+--------------+------+
| x | y |
+--------------+------+
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| AAAAAA | NULL |
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| 555555555555 | NULL |
| AAAAAA | NULL |
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| 555555555555 | NULL |
+--------------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql flush tables tt7 for export;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql use ops
Database changed
mysql ll
- ;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'll' at line 1
mysql show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_ops |
+---------------+
| tt2 |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql
mysql
mysql alter table tt7 import tablespace;
ERROR 1100 (HY000): Table 'tt7' was not locked with LOCK TABLES
mysql
mysql
mysql use ops2
Database changed
mysql show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_ops2 |
+----------------+
| tt2 |
| tt3 |
| tt7 |
+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql select * from tt7;
+--------------+------+
| x | y |
+--------------+------+
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| AAAAAA | NULL |
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| 555555555555 | NULL |
| AAAAAA | NULL |
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| 555555555555 | NULL |
+--------------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql show create table tt7;
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table |
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| tt7 | CREATE TABLE `tt7` (
`x` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_as_cs DEFAULT NULL,
`y` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_as_cs |
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql use ops
Database changed
mysql show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_ops |
+---------------+
| tt2 |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql CREATE TABLE `tt7` (
- `x` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_as_cs DEFAULT NULL,
- `y` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
- ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_as_cs ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec)
mysql
mysql
mysql show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_ops |
+---------------+
| tt2 |
| tt7 |
+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql select * from tt7;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql
mysql alter table tt7 discard tablesapce;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'tablesapce' at line 1
mysql alter table tt7 discard tablespace;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql
mysql
mysql show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_ops |
+---------------+
| tt2 |
| tt7 |
+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql select * from tt7;
ERROR 1814 (HY000): Tablespace has been discarded for table 'tt7'
mysql
mysql
mysql
mysql show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_ops |
+---------------+
| tt2 |
| tt7 |
+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql select * from tt7;
ERROR 1814 (HY000): Tablespace has been discarded for table 'tt7'
mysql
mysql
mysql alter table tt7 import tablespace;
ERROR 1812 (HY000): Tablespace is missing for table `ops`.`tt7`.
mysql
mysql
mysql
mysql alter table tt7 import tablespace;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
mysql
mysql
mysql select * from tt7;
+--------------+------+
| x | y |
+--------------+------+
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| AAAAAA | NULL |
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| 555555555555 | NULL |
| AAAAAA | NULL |
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| 555555555555 | NULL |
+--------------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql SELECT * FROM ops2.tt7 ;
+--------------+------+
| x | y |
+--------------+------+
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| AAAAAA | NULL |
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| 555555555555 | NULL |
| AAAAAA | NULL |
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| 555555555555 | NULL |
+--------------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql SELECT * FROM ops.tt7 ;
+--------------+------+
| x | y |
+--------------+------+
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| AAAAAA | NULL |
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| 555555555555 | NULL |
| AAAAAA | NULL |
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| 555555555555 | NULL |
+--------------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql
mysql
mysql
mysql unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql use ops
Database changed
mysql show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_ops |
+---------------+
| tt2 |
| tt7 |
+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql
mysql
mysql
mysql use ops2;
Database changed
mysql
mysql
mysql show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_ops2 |
+----------------+
| tt2 |
| tt3 |
| tt7 |
+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql
mysql select * from tt7;
+--------------+------+
| x | y |
+--------------+------+
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| AAAAAA | NULL |
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| 555555555555 | NULL |
| AAAAAA | NULL |
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| 555555555555 | NULL |
+--------------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql
mysql use ops;
Database changed
mysql
mysql
mysql select * from tt7;
+--------------+------+
| x | y |
+--------------+------+
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| AAAAAA | NULL |
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| 555555555555 | NULL |
| AAAAAA | NULL |
| BBBBBB | NULL |
| 555555555555 | NULL |
+--------------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
你应该做下数据库的优化了
数据库优化也不是一两句就能说完的
如果是你个程序员，应该加强数据库这方面知识的提高
建议你看本书O'Reilly - High Performance MySQL.chm
网上有中文版的了
你看完会对你有很大的帮助，完全理解了，你就成数据库高手了
一个PHPER的意见
我有个大的 SQL 文件要回放，需要马上做，但又怕压死业务，怎么办？
先来建一个测试库：
塞一些数据进去：
看看我们填充数据的成果：
使用 mysqldump 导出一份数据：
现在我们假设要把这个 dump 文件，回放到一个数据库中，并且现在数据库正在承担很重的业务，我们不希望业务受到太大影响。
先来看看如果直接回放 dump 文件，会发生什么？
我们看到 MySQL 的 cpu 会彪起来，
我们换一个方式来回放 dump：
看看 CPU 压力：
可以看到 CPU 已经非常冷静，并且缓慢的处理数据。
????小贴士：pv 工具既可以用于显示文件流的进度，也可以用于文件流的限速。在本实验中，我们用 PV 来限制 SQL 文件发到 MySQL client 的速度，从而限制 SQL 的回放速度，达到不影响其他业务的效果。
服务器内存占用过高的解决方法：
1，首先通过任务管理器进行进程排序，查找占用内存较大的程序进程。一般占用内存较大的进程有W3WP、sqlserver、mysqld-nt.exe；
2， 站点进程w3wp 可以在cmd命令行中通过 iisapp 命令来对应是那个网站占用内存较大。可以通过设置回收时间、内存最大使用值或共用进程池来减少内存的占用，但是如果要保证网站的访问质量，还是建议升级至更高型号来解决；
3，数据库 sql server 也可以通过数据库的企业管理器来设置最大内存占用，但是如果网站程序必须要占用较大内存的话，设置后会发生页面报错、打不开等问题；
4，MYSQL本身会占用较大虚拟内存，如果不使用mysql数据库的话，可以将其停止。
