1. ansible-常用模块
根据官方的分类，将模块按功能分类为：云模块、命令模块、数据库模块、文件模块、资产模块、消息模块、监控模块、网络模块、通知模块、包管理模块、源码控制模块、系统模块、单元模块、web设施模块、windows模块
user：配置用户
group：配置用户组
cron：配置计划任务
copy：复制文件到远程主机
file: 用于配置文件属性
yum：用于安装软件包
service：用于管理服务
shell： 用于执行命令可以带 “ |”管道符号等
scripts：在远程主机执行控制端的脚本文件
setup：查看远程主机的基本信息
filesystem：在块设备上创建文件系统
mount：配置挂载点
synchronize：使用rsync同步文件
get_url：该模块主要用于从http、ftp、https服务器上下载文件（类似于wget）
package：使用os包管理器安装，升级和删除包
stat：获取远程主机文件状态信息。
unarchive： 用于解压文件
command：在远程主机上执行命令
raw：类似于shell模块，支持管道
ping：用于检测远程主机是否存活
1）ping模块
测试主机是否通的，用法很简单
[root@test-1 ansible]# ansible test -m ping [DEPRECATION WARNING]: DEFAULT_SUDO_USER option, In favor of Ansible Become, which is a generic framework. See become_user. , use become instead. This feature will be removed in version 2.8. Deprecation warnings can be disabled by setting deprecation_warnings=False in ansible.cfg. 192.168.3.174 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } 192.168.3.175 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" }2) file-模块
file模块主要用于远程主机上的文件操作，file模块包含如下选项：
force：需要在两种情况下强制创建软连接。
一种是源文件不存在但之后会创建的情况下；
另一种是目标软链接已存在,需要先取消之前的软链，然后创建新的软链，有两个选项：yes|no
group：定义文件/目录的属组
owner：定义文件/目录的属主
mode：定义文件/目录的权限
path：必选项，定义文件/目录的路径
recurse：递归设置文件的属性，只对目录有效
src：要被链接的源文件的路径，只应用于state=link的情况
dest：被链接到的路径，只应用于state=link的情况
state:定义文件状态
directory：如果目录不存在，创建目录
file：即使文件不存在，也不会被创建
link：创建软链接
hard：创建硬链接
touch：如果文件不存在，则会创建一个新的文件，如果文件或目录已存在，则更新其最后修改时间
absent：删除目录、文件或者取消链接文件
2.1) 案例1-用file创建一个软连接/etc/fstab到/tmp/fstab
[root@test-1 ansible]# ansible test -m file -a " src=/etc/fstab dest=/tmp/fstab state=link" [DEPRECATION WARNING]: DEFAULT_SUDO_USER option, In favor of Ansible Become, which is a generic framework. See become_user. , use become instead. This feature will be removed in version 2.8. Deprecation warnings can be disabled by setting deprecation_warnings=False in ansible.cfg. 192.168.3.175 | CHANGED => { "changed": true, "dest": "/tmp/fstab", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0777", "owner": "root", "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0", "size": 10, "src": "/etc/fstab", "state": "link", "uid": 0 } 192.168.3.174 | CHANGED => { "changed": true, "dest": "/tmp/fstab", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0777", "owner": "root", "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0", "size": 10, "src": "/etc/fstab", "state": "link", "uid": 0 }执行结果
[root@test-2 tmp]# ll total 8 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Nov 19 02:44 fstab -> /etc/fstab -rwx------. 1 root root 836 Oct 24 09:40 ks-script-6aY4Ug drwx------. 3 root root 17 Oct 25 23:39 systemd-private-664f2393bb954d4d812ce589bd921c84-chronyd.service-sclu10 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8 Oct 25 22:26 test.txt drwx------. 2 root root 6 Oct 24 09:44 vmware-root -rw-------. 1 root root 0 Oct 24 09:36 yum.log2.2) 案例2-我们需要在远程服务器上/tmp/下创建一个file文件
[root@test-1 ansible]# ansible test -m file -a 'path=/tmp/file state=touch' [DEPRECATION WARNING]: DEFAULT_SUDO_USER option, In favor of Ansible Become, which is a generic framework. See become_user. , use become instead. This feature will be removed in version 2.8. Deprecation warnings can be disabled by setting deprecation_warnings=False in ansible.cfg. 192.168.3.174 | CHANGED => { "changed": true, "dest": "/tmp/file", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0", "size": 0, "state": "file", "uid": 0执行结果：
[root@test-2 tmp]# ll total 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Nov 19 03:12 file lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Nov 19 02:44 fstab -> /etc/fstab -rwx------. 1 root root 836 Oct 24 09:40 ks-script-6aY4Ug drwx------. 3 root root 17 Oct 25 23:39 systemd-private-664f2393bb954d4d812ce589bd921c84-chronyd.service-sclu10 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8 Oct 25 22:26 test.txt drwx------. 2 root root 6 Oct 24 09:44 vmware-root -rw-------. 1 root root 0 Oct 24 09:36 yum.log2.3) 案例3-需要远程test组下修改file的文件权限
[root@test-1 ansible]# ansible test -m file -a "path=/tmp/file mode=755" [DEPRECATION WARNING]: DEFAULT_SUDO_USER option, In favor of Ansible Become, which is a generic framework. See become_user. , use become instead. This feature will be removed in version 2.8. Deprecation warnings can be disabled by setting deprecation_warnings=False in ansible.cfg. 192.168.3.174 | CHANGED => { "changed": true, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0755", "owner": "root", "path": "/tmp/file", "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0", "size": 0, "state": "file", "uid": 0 }执行结果：
[root@test-1 ansible]# ansible test -m command -a 'ls -lh /tmp/' [DEPRECATION WARNING]: DEFAULT_SUDO_USER option, In favor of Ansible Become, which is a generic framework. See become_user. , use become instead. This feature will be removed in version 2.8. Deprecation warnings can be disabled by setting deprecation_warnings=False in ansible.cfg. 192.168.3.174 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> total 8.0K drwx------. 2 root root 80 Nov 19 03:20 ansible_command_payload_8myj39 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 0 Nov 19 03:12 file lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Nov 19 02:44 fstab -> /etc/fstab -rwx------. 1 root root 836 Oct 24 09:40 ks-script-6aY4Ug drwx------. 3 root root 17 Oct 25 23:39 systemd-private-664f2393bb954d4d812ce589bd921c84-chronyd.service-sclu10 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8 Oct 25 22:26 test.txt drwx------. 2 root root 6 Oct 24 09:44 vmware-root -rw-------. 1 root root 0 Oct 24 09:36 yum.log3) copy模块
backup：在覆盖之前将原文件备份，备份文件包含时间信息。有两个选项：yes|no
content：用于替代"src",可以直接设定指定文件的值
dest：必选项。要将源文件复制到的远程主机的绝对路径，如果源文件是一个目录，那么该路径也必须是个目录
directory_mode：递归的设定目录的权限，默认为系统默认权限
force：如果目标主机包含该文件，但内容不同，如果设置为yes，则强制覆盖，如果为no，则只有当目标主机的目标位置不存在该文件时，才复制。默认为yes
others：所有的file模块里的选项都可以在这里使用
src：要复制到远程主机的文件在本地的地址，可以是绝对路径，也可以是相对路径。如果路径是一个目录，它将递归复制。在这种情况下，如果路径使用"/"来结尾，则只复制目录里的内容，如果没有使用"/"来结尾，则包含目录在内的整个内容全部复制，类似于rsync。
validate ：The validation command to run before copying into place. The path to the file to validate is passed in via '%s' which must be present as in the visudo example bel
3.1) 案例1-从本地拷贝文件到ansibel目标的目录
[root@test-1 ansible]# touch /tmp/aa #本地测试创建的aa文件 [root@test-1 ansible]# ansible test -m copy -a " src=/tmp/aa dest=/tmp/aa" [DEPRECATION WARNING]: DEFAULT_SUDO_USER option, In favor of Ansible Become, which is a generic framework. See become_user. , use become instead. This feature will be removed in version 2.8. Deprecation warnings can be disabled by setting deprecation_warnings=False in ansible.cfg. 192.168.3.174 | CHANGED => { "changed": true, "checksum": "da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709", "dest": "/tmp/aa", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", "size": 0, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1542616228.03-86258002572076/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 }执行结果：
[root@test-2 tmp]# ll total 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Nov 19 03:30 aa -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 0 Nov 19 03:12 file lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Nov 19 02:44 fstab -> /etc/fstab -rwx------. 1 root root 836 Oct 24 09:40 ks-script-6aY4Ug drwx------. 3 root root 17 Oct 25 23:39 systemd-private-664f2393bb954d4d812ce589bd921c84-chronyd.service-sclu10 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8 Oct 25 22:26 test.txt drwx------. 2 root root 6 Oct 24 09:44 vmware-root -rw-------. 1 root root 0 Oct 24 09:36 yum.log3.2) 案例2-ansible使用backup进行备份
[root@test-1 ansible]# vim /tmp/aa [root@test-1 ansible]# ansible test -m copy -a " src=/tmp/aa dest=/tmp/aa backup=yes" [DEPRECATION WARNING]: DEFAULT_SUDO_USER option, In favor of Ansible Become, which is a generic framework. See become_user. , use become instead. This feature will be removed in version 2.8. Deprecation warnings can be disabled by setting deprecation_warnings=False in ansible.cfg. 192.168.3.174 | CHANGED => { "backup_file": "/tmp/aa.3042.2018-11-19@03:37:06~", "changed": true, "checksum": "5730dd3a58d64a39a7fc704c3c5570d70303d9db", "dest": "/tmp/aa", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "96fdb0b7ddbb489f8636769965584623", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", "size": 35, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1542616624.56-136259009428901/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0执行结果
[root@test-2 tmp]# ll total 16 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 35 Nov 19 03:37 aa -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 56 Nov 19 03:36 aa.3042.2018-11-19@03:37:06~ #这里是ansible使用的 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 0 Nov 19 03:12 file lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Nov 19 02:44 fstab -> /etc/fstab -rwx------. 1 root root 836 Oct 24 09:40 ks-script-6aY4Ug drwx------. 3 root root 17 Oct 25 23:39 systemd-private-664f2393bb954d4d812ce589bd921c84-chronyd.service-sclu10 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8 Oct 25 22:26 test.txt drwx------. 2 root root 6 Oct 24 09:44 vmware-root -rw-------. 1 root root 0 Oct 24 09:36 yum.log另外有需要云服务器可以了解下创新互联cdcxhl.cn，海内外云服务器15元起步，三天无理由+7*72小时售后在线，公司持有idc许可证，提供“云服务器、裸金属服务器、高防服务器、香港服务器、美国服务器、虚拟主机、免备案服务器”等云主机租用服务以及企业上云的综合解决方案，具有“安全稳定、简单易用、服务可用性高、性价比高”等特点与优势，专为企业上云打造定制，能够满足用户丰富、多元化的应用场景需求。
