kubeadm中如何安装Kubernetes集群，针对这个问题，这篇文章详细介绍了相对应的分析和解答，希望可以帮助更多想解决这个问题的小伙伴找到更简单易行的方法。
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1，修改主机名
//master 192.168.2.211
hostnamectl set-hostname kube-master
//node1 192.168.2.212
hostnamectl set-hostname kube-node1
//node1 192.168.2.213
hostnamectl set-hostname kube-node2
2， 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
3，关闭selinux，必须修改允许容器访问主机文件系统
//临时
setenforce 0
//永久
sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/sysconfig/selinux
4，关闭swap，否则会报错
//临时
swapoff -a
//永久
vi /etc/fstab
注释掉/dev/mapper/cl-swap那一行
如图
修改永久关闭的配置，需要重启系统
5，安装docker
官方文档说已验证的docker版本为1.11.1, 1.12.1, 1.13.1, 17.03, 17.06, 17.09, 18.06（https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG-1.13.md#external-dependencies），但是在测试中使用1.13之前版本时遇到很多问题，所以这里使用目前最新版18。
sudo yum install -y yum-utils
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sudo yum install -y docker-ce
systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker
版本：
[root@kube-master ~]# docker version
Client:
Version: 18.09.0
API version: 1.39
Go version: go1.10.4
Git commit: 4d60db4
Built: Wed Nov 7 00:48:22 2018
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 18.09.0
API version: 1.39 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.10.4
Git commit: 4d60db4
Built: Wed Nov 7 00:19:08 2018
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
6，安装kubeadm，kubelet，kubectl
cat < /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-\$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
官方提供的安装地址在墙外，如果服务器在国内，可以使用阿里的源（https://opsx.alibaba.com/mirror?lang=zh-cn）。
cat < /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
版本：
![]()
这一步我没遇到，但是官方文档说某些 RHEL/CentOS 7系统会出现由于iptables被绕过，流量被错误地路由的问题。需要确保sysctl配置中net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables的值为1：
cat < /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system
在测试时发现老版本docker驱动不是cgroupfs，导致kubernetes报错。查看驱动版本：
docker info | grep -i cgroup
如果不是需要修改kubernetes配置：
vi /etc/default/kubelet
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--cgroup-driver=改为当前驱动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet
7，下载服务所需镜像
可以跳过，初始化会自动下载，但是因为有墙，所以需要尽量提前准备好。首先设置docker代理，
mkdir /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d
cat < /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/http-proxy.conf
[Service]
Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://192.168.2.100:1080"
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
下载镜像
kubeadm config images pull --kubernetes-version v1.13.0
得到镜像如下
8，初始化master
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.2.211 --kubernetes-version=v1.13.0 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
--apiserver-advertise-address：api-server服务监听地址，即master的ip
--kubernetes-version：指定要部署的kubernetes版本，此处为1.13.0
--pod-network-cidr：指定pod网络分配地址范围。需要与下一步要使用的插件的配置一致，此处使用Flannel
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.13.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 18.09.0. Latest validated version: 18.06
[WARNING Hostname]: hostname "kube-master" could not be reached
[WARNING Hostname]: hostname "kube-master": lookup kube-master on 192.168.2.1:53: no such host
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Activating the kubelet service
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [kube-master localhost] and IPs [192.168.2.211 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [kube-master localhost] and IPs [192.168.2.211 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [kube-master kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.2.211]
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 23.502901 seconds
[uploadconfig] storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.13" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[patchnode] Uploading the CRI Socket information "/var/run/dockershim.sock" to the Node API object "kube-master" as an annotation
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node kube-master as control-plane by adding the label "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''"
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node kube-master as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: thmy85.7ahn8zezyt6m39yy
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstraptoken] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstraptoken] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstraptoken] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstraptoken] creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
Your Kubernetes master has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
You can now join any number of machines by running the following on each node
as root:
kubeadm join 192.168.2.211:6443 --token thmy85.7ahn8zezyt6m39yy --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:576442c07cb68e731badb48f15d28d701fa184f1dffc78556ebe834f8a651021
9，创建配置文件
上一步输出中提示创建配置文件，否则执行kubectl会报错。如：
按照提示执行
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
再次执行
[root@kube-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
kube-master NotReady master 3m18s v1.13.1
10, 安装Pod网络插件，使Pod可以相互通信。
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
11，启动node
切换到node服务器，重复步骤1~7。执行第七步初始化master时最后打印的命令，如
kubeadm join 192.168.2.211:6443 --token thmy85.7ahn8zezyt6m39yy --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:576442c07cb68e731badb48f15d28d701fa184f1dffc78556ebe834f8a651021
完成后，回到master执行：watch kubectl get nodes，直到状态变为Ready
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
kube-master Ready master 27m v1.13.1
kube-node1 Ready 9m19s v1.13.1
kube-node2 Ready 5m36s v1.13.1
12，测试
在master上创建文件nginx.yaml，创建一个deployment并通过service发布。
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-deplo
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
run: nginx-deploy
template:
metadata:
labels:
run: nginx-deploy
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.7.9
ports:
- containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: nginx-service
labels:
run: nginx-deploy
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 80
targetPort: 80
nodePort: 30001
selector:
run: nginx-deploy
执行
kubectl create -f service.yaml
watch kubectl get deploy
等待状态Ready后，测试服务。
nginx成功返回说明服务已启动。在两个Node上执行docker ps，可以看到每个node各启动了一个nginx容器。
另外，我把镜像传到了七牛云上，可以按照命令下载使用
docker pull reg.qiniu.com/fgding/kube-proxy:v1.13.0
docker pull reg.qiniu.com/fgding/kube-controller-manager:v1.13.0
docker pull reg.qiniu.com/fgding/kube-apiserver:v1.13.0
docker pull reg.qiniu.com/fgding/kube-scheduler:v1.13.0
docker pull reg.qiniu.com/fgding/coredns:1.2.6
docker pull reg.qiniu.com/fgding/etcd:3.2.24
docker pull reg.qiniu.com/fgding/pause:3.1
docker tag reg.qiniu.com/fgding/kube-proxy:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.13.0
docker tag reg.qiniu.com/fgding/kube-controller-manager:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.13.0
docker tag reg.qiniu.com/fgding/kube-apiserver:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.13.0
docker tag reg.qiniu.com/fgding/kube-scheduler:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.13.0
docker tag reg.qiniu.com/fgding/coredns:1.2.6 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.2.6
docker tag reg.qiniu.com/fgding/etcd:3.2.24 k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.2.24
docker tag reg.qiniu.com/fgding/pause:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
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