小编给大家分享一下oracle 12c data guard如何使用 sqlplus 主备切换，相信大部分人都还不怎么了解，因此分享这篇文章给大家参考一下，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后大有收获，下面让我们一起去了解一下吧！
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确认备库与主库是同步的并且日志切换正常。
SQL>alter database switchover to
以上命令会验证如下信息：
a. 验证数据库的版本至少为 12.1。
b. 主库 REDO 传输正常。
c. 备库 MRP 进程正常运行并且与主库同步，否则会在 SQLPROMPT 和 alert 中都报如下错误：
列如：
SQL>alter database switchover to chicago verify;
ORA-16470: Redo Apply is not running on switchover target
------Primary alert log------
SQL>alter database switchover to chicago verify;
ORA-16470 signaled during: alter database switchover to chicago verify...
如果是脏的那么会报出如下信息：
SQL> alter database switchover to chicago verify;
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-16475: succeeded with warnings, check alert log for more details
-----Primary Alert log-----------
SWITCHOVER VERIFY WARNING: switchover target has dirty online redo logfiles that require clearing.
It takes time to clear online redo logfiles. This may slow down switchover process.
确认 log_file_name_convert 参数在目标备库被正确设置：
SQL>show parameter log_file_name_convert;
注意：如果没有设置，请设置。例如，如果路径结构只有 db_uniquq_name 发生了改变：
主库的日志在： /oradata/boston/<>
备库的日志在： /oradata/chicago/logfiles>
这样设置参数：
alter system set LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=’boston’,’chicago’ scope=spfile;
注意：重启备库并且启动 MRP。当重启备库并且启动 MRP，将清除所有备库的 log_file_name_convert 参数设置的日志。
如果备库是与主库同步的，将得到如下的信息：
SQL> alter database switchover to chicago verify;
Database altered.
--------- Primary Alert log -------
SWITCHOVER VERIFY: Send VERIFY request to switchover target CHICAGO
SWITCHOVER VERIFY COMPLETE
Completed: alter database switchover to chicago verify
临时数据文件在创建备库之后，不会同时创建临时数据文件，用如下的命令查询临时数据文件，并且在备库进行创建。
SQL> col name for a45
SQL> select ts#,name,ts#,status from v$tempfile;
SWITCHOVER VERIFY command returns ORA-16475 when log_archive_dest_n is not set on Standby as follows.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE SWITCHOVER TO S1202 VERIFY;
ALTER DATABASE SWITCHOVER TO S1202 VERIFY
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-16475: succeeded with warnings, check alert log for more details
In alert.log, following messages appear.
SWITCHOVER VERIFY: Send VERIFY request to switchover target S1202
SWITCHOVER VERIFY COMPLETE
SWITCHOVER VERIFY WARNING: switchover target has no standby database definedin LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n parameter. If the switchover target is converted to
a primary database, the new primary database will not be protected.ORA-16475 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE SWITCHOVER TO S1202 VERIFY...
What to do? set log_archive_dest_state_n on Standby.
1. 检查是否有些关闭的线程存在并且 disable
SQL>SELECT thread#, instance, status FROM v$thread;
Disable 线程使用：
SQL> ALTER DATABASE DISABLE THREAD
2. 检查是否有 log_archive_destination 指向不合法的目录
SQL> select status,DEST_ID,TYPE,ERROR,GAP_STATUS,SYNCHRONIZED,SYNCHRONIZATION_STATUS,RECOVERY_MODE from V$ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS where STatus <> 'INACTIVE';
SQL>show parameter log_Archive_dest
SQL>alter system set log_archive_trace=8191 sid=’*’;
@primary and standby,
SQL>show parameter background_dump_dest
$tail -600f background_dump_dest/alert*
* 注意: 在 RAC 环境不需要关闭其他的实例，执行 Switchover 的命令会关闭所有的实例。
主库 - Boston,
SQL>alter database switchover to chicago;
Database altered.
以下是主库（BOSTON）和备库（CHICAGO）的 alert 输出：
--------------Primary Alert log "alert_boston.log"--------------
Fri Aug 23 11:05:23 2013
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_trace=8191 SCOPE=BOTH;
alter database switchover to chicago
Fri Aug 23 11:05:43 2013
Starting switchover [Process ID: 3340]
Fri Aug 23 11:05:43 2013
ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY [Process Id: 3340] (boston)
.
Fri Aug 23 11:05:44 2013
Active, synchronized Physical Standby switchover target has been identified
Preventing updates and queries at the Primary
Generating and shipping final logs to target standby
Switchover End-Of-Redo Log thread 1 sequence 11 has been fixed <--------- 序列号 11 是日志的终止序号
Switchover: Primary highest seen SCN set to 0x0.0x229306
ARCH: Noswitch archival of thread 1, sequence 11
.
Switchover: Primary controlfile converted to standby controlfile succesfully.
Switchover: Complete - Database shutdown required
Sending request (convert to primary database) to switchover target CHICAGO
OCISessionBegin with PasswordVerifier succeeded
Switchover complete. Database shutdown required
USER (ospid: 3340): terminating the instance
Fri Aug 23 11:05:51 2013
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 3340
Completed: alter database switchover to chicago
-------------------alert log "alert_chicago.log"------------------
Fri Aug 23 11:05:47 2013
SWITCHOVER: received request 'ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY' from primary database.
Fri Aug 23 11:05:47 2013
ALTER DATABASE SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY (chicago)
Maximum wait for role transition is 15 minutes.
.
Standby became primary SCN: 2265860
Switchover: Complete - Database mounted as primary
SWITCHOVER: completed request from primary database.
注意：备库一端只等待15分钟，实现备库与主库的同步。
SQL>alter database open;
SQL>shut abort
SQL>startup
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect;
SQL> alter system set log_archive_trace=0;
System altered.
在主库侧执行
SQL>alter system switch logfile;
SQL>select dest_id,error,status from v$archive_dest where dest_id=
SQL>select max(sequence#),thread# from v$log_history group by thread#;
如果备库端对应 log_archive_dest_2
SQL>select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log where applied='YES' and
dest_id=2;
在备库侧：
SQL>select thread#,sequence#,process,status from gv$managed_standby;
SQL>select max(sequence#),thread# from v$archived_log group by thread#;
注意：在 12.2 中使用 v$dataguard_process 替代 v$managed_standby
SQL> select name,role,instance,thread#,sequence#,action from gv$dataguard_process;
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