摘自：http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.graphics.agg/2911/
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> I've read the pattern_perspective.cpp sample but I don't understand very
> well how to apply a texture on a shape.
> Could you explain me the stages to do that and what is the role of each
> operation ?
Yes, I must admit the example is difficult to read.
First, it's better to take pattern_resample.cpp that covers automatic
resampling too.
Now I'll try to explain to you what to do step by step.
1. If your pattern has actual alpha channel, the pixels must be
premultiplied. In general, all p_w_picpath transformers work only with
premultiplied colors. If it's RGB or all alphas are 255 you don't need to do
anything. But if you load a PNG p_w_picpath you most probably will have to
premultiply it.
2. You get your p_w_picpath somehow, create a rendering buffer and pixel format
for it:
typedef agg::pixfmt_bgra32 pixfmt;
typedef agg::pixfmt_bgra32_pre pixfmt_pre;
typedef pixfmt::color_type color_type;
In the example agg::rendering_buffer is already created in load_img()
function:
pixfmt img_pixf(rbuf_img(0));
Note that there's no difference if you use pixfmt or pixfmt_pre for the
source p_w_picpath.
3. Create a span allocator. It's better to keep it in a class and reuse it
instead of creating/destroying.
typedef agg::span_allocator span_alloc_type;
span_alloc_type sa;
4. Create a filter LUT
agg::p_w_picpath_filter_bilinear filter_kernel;
agg::p_w_picpath_filter_lut filter(filter_kernel, true);
For some methods there's no need in it. For example,
span_p_w_picpath_filter_rgba_bilinear has hardcoded bilinear filter.
5. Create an p_w_picpath accessor that defines the logic of pixel wrapping.
typedef agg::wrap_mode_reflect_auto_pow2 wrap_type;
typedef agg::p_w_picpath_accessor_wrap
img_source_type;
img_source_type img_src(img_pixf);
The possible variants are:
p_w_picpath_accessor_clip - clips the pixels outside of the source p_w_picpath and
replaces them with a given color.
p_w_picpath_accessor_clone - clones the edge pixels.
p_w_picpath_accessor_wrap - wraps the pixels (it's what actually creates the
repeating pattern)
The wrapper has template arguments of, what to do by X and Y:
wrap_mode_repeat, wrap_mode_reflect, wrap_mode_repeat_pow2,
wrap_mode_reflect_pow2, wrap_mode_repeat_auto_pow2,
wrap_mode_reflect_auto_pow2. If the size of your pattern is power of 2, you
can use a faster _pow2 version (shifts and masking instead of divisions).
6. Create an interpolator. For affine transformations you can use a fast
linear interpolator that operates in integers, with a Bresenham-like
algorithm inside. For perspective transformations you can't use linear
interpolator. There are two choices:
6.1. exact interpolator:
typedef agg::span_interpolator_trans
interpolator_type;
interpolator_type interpolator(tr);
Defines an exact interpolator, works slower because it calculates the points
on every pixel
6.2. Subdivision approximation:
typedef agg::span_interpolator_linear_subdiv
interpolator_type;
interpolator_type interpolator(tr);
It calculates every 16'th pixel (configurable) and linearly interpolates
between them. Works faster, but on heavily transformed p_w_picpaths there is
considerable inaccuracy.
Also, for transformations with automatic resampling (rather slow, but
produces high quality) you need a special version of the interpolator,
because you need to know the local scale at every point:
typedef agg::span_interpolator_persp_lerp<> interpolator_type;
typedef agg::span_subdiv_adaptor subdiv_adaptor_type;
interpolator_type interpolator(m_quad.polygon(), g_x1, g_y1, g_x2, g_y2);
subdiv_adaptor_type subdiv_adaptor(interpolator);
7. Then you create a span generator that does the p_w_picpath filtering job. It
can be one of the following:
span_p_w_picpath_filter_rgba_nn - nearest neigbor filter (box). Actually, no
filtering
span_p_w_picpath_filter_rgba_bilinear - hardcoded bilinear filter
span_p_w_picpath_filter_rgba_2x2 - arbitrary filter of fixed size 2x2 pixels
span_p_w_picpath_filter_rgba - arbitrary filter of any size, like bicubic,
gaussian, etc (slow).
span_p_w_picpath_resample_rgba_affine - p_w_picpath resampler for affine
transformations. It can't be used with perspective transformer.
span_p_w_picpath_resample_rgba - p_w_picpath resampler for arbitrary transformer. The
interpolator must provide function to calculate (or interpolate) the local
scale.
8. Create and configure the transformer. It can be a simple affine
transformer, or perspective one, or even some nonlinear, like in
distortions.cpp example.
The algorithmic feature is that the transformer must be inverse. That is, it
should map destination pixels onto source ones.
9. Finally, you feed the rasterizer with an arbitrary path and draw it, for
example:
g_rasterizer.move_to_d(x1, y1);
g_rasterizer.line_to_d(x2, y2);
g_rasterizer.line_to_d(x3, y3);
g_rasterizer.line_to_d(x4, y4);
typedef span_p_w_picpath_filter_rgba_2x2 span_gen_type;
span_gen_type sg(img_src, interpolator, filter);
agg::render_scanlines_aa(g_rasterizer, g_scanline, rb_pre, sa, sg);
The path can be just a rectangle, or quadrilateral, or whatever. The whole
point is that it will draw perfectly anti-aliased edges. For example, you
can draw a circle with pattern inside.
Well, this explanation isn't full, but I hope it will help you together with
working pattern_resample.cpp
McSeem
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