这篇文章主要介绍“MySQL怎么进行备份”，在日常操作中，相信很多人在mysql怎么进行备份问题上存在疑惑，小编查阅了各式资料，整理出简单好用的操作方法，希望对大家解答”mysql怎么进行备份”的疑惑有所帮助！接下来，请跟着小编一起来学习吧！
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MySQL 5.5.47
备份路径 /backup/
apt-get install percona-xtrabackup11
root@iZu1dc59z8tZ:/var/lib# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --user=root --password=123123 /backup/ InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright 2003, 2009 Innobase Oy
and Percona LLC and/or its affiliates 2009-2013. All Rights Reserved.
This software is published under
the GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991.
Get the latest version of Percona XtraBackup, documentation, and help resources:
http://www.percona.com/xb/ubuntu
160217 11:17:53 innobackupex: Connecting to MySQL server with DSN 'dbi:mysql:;mysql_read_default_file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup' as 'root' (using password: YES).
160217 11:17:53 innobackupex: Connected to MySQL server
160217 11:17:53 innobackupex: Executing a version check against the server...
160217 11:17:53 innobackupex: Done.
IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
innobackupex: Using mysql server version 5.5.47-0ubuntu0.14.04.1innobackupex: Created backup directory /backup/2016-02-17_11-17-53160217 11:17:53 innobackupex: Starting ibbackup with command: xtrabackup_55 --defaults-file="/etc/mysql/my.cnf" --defaults-group="mysqld" --backup --suspend-at-end --target-dir=/backup/2016-02-17_11-17-53 --tmpdir=/tmp
innobackupex: Waiting for ibbackup (pid=30486) to suspend
innobackupex: Suspend file '/backup/2016-02-17_11-17-53/xtrabackup_suspended_2'xtrabackup_55 version 2.1.8 for Percona Server 5.5.35 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: undefined)
xtrabackup: uses posix_fadvise().
xtrabackup: cd to /var/lib/mysql
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration:
xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = ./
xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./
xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 2xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 5242880>> log scanned up to (3233814)
[01] Copying ./ibdata1 to /backup/2016-02-17_11-17-53/ibdata1
[01] ...done
>> log scanned up to (3233814)
xtrabackup: Creating suspend file '/backup/2016-02-17_11-17-53/xtrabackup_suspended_2' with pid '30487'160217 11:17:55 innobackupex: Continuing after ibbackup has suspended160217 11:17:55 innobackupex: Starting to lock all tables...160217 11:17:55 innobackupex: All tables locked and flushed to disk160217 11:17:55 innobackupex: Starting to backup non-InnoDB tables and files
innobackupex: in subdirectories of '/var/lib/mysql'innobackupex: Backing up files '/var/lib/mysql/phpmyadmin/*.{frm,isl,MYD,MYI,MAD,MAI,MRG,TRG,TRN,ARM,ARZ,CSM,CSV,opt,par}' (37 files)
>> log scanned up to (3233814)
innobackupex: Backing up files '/var/lib/mysql/mysql/*.{frm,isl,MYD,MYI,MAD,MAI,MRG,TRG,TRN,ARM,ARZ,CSM,CSV,opt,par}' (72 files)
innobackupex: Backing up files '/var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/*.{frm,isl,MYD,MYI,MAD,MAI,MRG,TRG,TRN,ARM,ARZ,CSM,CSV,opt,par}' (18 files)
innobackupex: Backing up files '/var/lib/mysql/blog/*.{frm,isl,MYD,MYI,MAD,MAI,MRG,TRG,TRN,ARM,ARZ,CSM,CSV,opt,par}' (29 files)160217 11:17:56 innobackupex: Finished backing up non-InnoDB tables and files160217 11:17:56 innobackupex: Waiting for log copying to finish
xtrabackup: The latest check point (for incremental): '3233814'xtrabackup: Stopping log copying thread.
.>> log scanned up to (3233814)
xtrabackup: Creating suspend file '/backup/2016-02-17_11-17-53/xtrabackup_log_copied' with pid '30487'xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (3233814) to (3233814) was copied.160217 11:17:57 innobackupex: All tables unlocked
innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/backup/2016-02-17_11-17-53'160217 11:17:57 innobackupex: Connection to database server closed160217 11:17:57 innobackupex: completed OK!12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667681234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465666768completed OK! 表示备份成功。
还有很多其他常用的参数。
–stream=tar 压缩类型, 默认是输出到终端,如果保存为文件
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --user=root --password=*** /backup/ --stream=tar > /backup/`date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"`.tar#or gzip 压缩innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --user=root --password=*** /backup/ --stream=tar | gzip > /backup/`date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"`.tar.gz123123
–parallel=4 –throttle=400 并行个数，根据主机配置选择合适的，默认是1个，多个可以加快备份速度。
恢复备份文件要保证mysql datadir文件为空，否则会报错
service mysql stop #停止MySQLmv /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql_bak #备份原mysql 的datadirmkdir /var/lib/mysql123123
如果加了压缩，需要解压
mkdir /backup/20160217_114521 tar -ixvf /backup/20160217_114521.tar.gz -C /backup/20160217_1145211212
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --apply-log /backup/20160217_11452111
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --copy-back /backup/20160217_11452111
chown mysql: /var/lib/mysql -Rservice mysql start1212
增量备份需要基于全备，先假设我们已经有了一个全备（/backup/20160217_114521），在该全表的基础上做增量备份。
第一次在数据库插入一条数据,在全备上做增量备份
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --user=root --password=123123 --incremental-basedir=/backup/20160217_114521 --incremental /backup/11
incremental-basedir=全备的目录
–incremental=增量备份的目录
第二次在数据库插入一条数据,在第一次增量备份上做增量备份
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --user=root --password=123123 --incremental-basedir=/backup/2016-02-17_12-15-30 --incremental /backup/11
incremental-basedir=在第一次增量备份的目录--incremental=增量备份的目录1212
备份目录下，有一个文件xtrabackup_checkpoints记录着备份信息，全备的信息如下：
root@iZu1dc59z8tZ:/backup# cat 20160217_114521/xtrabackup_checkpoints backup_type = full-preparedfrom_lsn = 0to_lsn = 3233814last_lsn = 3233814compact = 0 root@iZu1dc59z8tZ:/backup# cat 2016-02-17_12-15-30/xtrabackup_checkpoints backup_type = incrementalfrom_lsn = 3233814to_lsn = 3234430last_lsn = 3234430compact = 0 root@iZu1dc59z8tZ:/backup# cat 2016-02-17_12-1/xtrabackup_checkpoints 2016-02-17_12-15-30/ 2016-02-17_12-17-31/ root@iZu1dc59z8tZ:/backup# cat 2016-02-17_12-17-31/xtrabackup_checkpoints backup_type = incrementalfrom_lsn = 3234430to_lsn = 3234537last_lsn = 3234537compact = 012345678910111213141516171819201234567891011121314151617181920
从上面可以看出，增量备份的from_lsn正好等于全备的to_lsn。
//测试恢复service mysql stop #停止MySQLmv /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql_bak #备份原mysql 的datadirmkdir /var/lib/mysql12341234
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --apply-log --redo-only /backup/20160217_11452111
//第一次增量innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --apply-log --redo-only /backup/20160217_114521 --incremental-dir=/backup/2016-02-17_12-15-30/ 1212
……
//最后一次增量innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --apply-log /backup/20160217_114521 --incremental-dir=/backup/2016-02-17_12-17-31/1212
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --copy-back /backup/20160217_11452111
chown mysql: /var/lib/mysql -Rservice mysql start
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