除了Oracle商业版数据库以外， MySQL是一款源代码开放的市面上使用率最高高的RDBMS数据库软件，采用的是GPL开源协议，自己是可以修改MySQL源代码用来开发自己的系统。同样也是通过最常用的SQL语句进行管理
MySQL 安装方式通常分为以下三种：
l 在线Yum安装
l 离线rpm安装
l 源码编译安装
前面两种安装方式都非常简单，但是所有安装方式都共同需要遵顼以下安装前的步骤：
[root@open_source ~]# ps -ef|grep mysql |grep -v grep
6.x之前
[root@open_source ~]# chkconfig --list |grep mysql
7.x之后
[root@open_source ~]# ls -rtl /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@open_source ~]# systemctl status mysql
[root@open_source ~]# rpm -qa mysql [root@open_source ~]# rpm -qa mariadb
https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
l 安装libaio-devel依赖包
[root@open_source ~]# yum install -y libaio-devel
l 创建用户
[root@open_source ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql
l 创建目录
[root@open_source ~]# mkdir /mysql/3306/data
l 赋权
[root@open_source ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /mysql
4.3 开始安装
l 解压软件
[root@open_source ~]# cd /usr/local/ [root@open_source local]# tar zxf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
l 创建一个软连接并赋权
[root@open_source local]# ln -s mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql [root@open_source local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql/
l 配置环境变量
[root@open_source local]# echo "export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH" /etc/profile [root@open_source local]# source /etc/profile
l 初始化数据库
[root@open_source local]# mysqld -initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/mysql/3306/data/
l 配置My.cnf 文件
cat > /etc/my.cnf <l 准备启动脚本
[root@open_source ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqldl 启动数据库
[root@open_source ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld startl 登录数据库
[root@open_source ~]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 29 Server version: 5.7.28-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>l MySQL加固:
[root@open_source ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation Securing the MySQL server deployment. Connecting to MySQL using a blank password. VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords and improve security. It checks the strength of password and allows the users to set only those passwords which are secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin? Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: y There are three levels of password validation policy: LOW Length >= 8 MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary file Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG: 0 Please set the password for root here. New password: Re-enter new password: Estimated strength of the password: 50 Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y Success. Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y Success. By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y - Dropping test database... Success. - Removing privileges on test database... Success. Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y Success. All done!l 加固后无法直接登录
[root@open_source ~]# mysql ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)l 查看MySQL状态
mysql> mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+ | mysql-bin.000009 | 3672 | | | ce8fc1bb-5fd6-11ea-869d-000c29eed638:1-20 | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | bindb | | gtdb | | mdp | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | woo | +--------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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