本文主要给大家介绍 MySQL5.6 如何部署 TLS方法，其所涉及的东西，从理论知识来获悉，有很多书籍、文献可供大家参考，从现实意义角度出发，创新互联累计多年的实践经验可分享给大家。
创新互联公司长期为近千家客户提供的网站建设服务，团队从业经验10年，关注不同地域、不同群体，并针对不同对象提供差异化的产品和服务；打造开放共赢平台，与合作伙伴共同营造健康的互联网生态环境。为鱼台企业提供专业的网站设计制作、网站建设，鱼台网站改版等技术服务。拥有十多年丰富建站经验和众多成功案例,为您定制开发。
注：省略MySQL5.6的安装过程
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.40 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show variables like 'version%';
+-------------------------+---------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-------------------------+---------------------+
| version | 5.6.40 |
| version_comment | Source distribution |
| version_compile_machine | x86_64 |
| version_compile_os | Linux |
+-------------------------+---------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
# 创建新用户
mysql> create user tlstest@'%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select host,user,ssl_type,password from user;
+-----------+--------+----------+-------------------------------------------+
| host | user | ssl_type | password |
+-----------+--------+----------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| % | tlstest | | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
+-----------+--------+----------+-------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create database tlsdb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| tlsdb |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
# 授权某个用户访问某个数据库
mysql> grant all privileges on tlsdb.* to tlstest@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show grants for tlstest@'%';
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for tlstest@% |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'tlstest'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' REQUIRE SSL |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `tlsdb`.* TO 'tlstest'@'%' |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 测试未加密传输
[root@localhost ~]# tcpdump -l -i lo -w - src or dst port 3306 | strings
tcpdump: listening on lo, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
4~ @
43x@
4~!@
[{4,
[{5,
5.6.40
U@"(AOHZ
m8i,=0v&WabJ
mysql_native_password
root
mysql_native_password
Linux
_client_name
libmysql
_pid
1788
_client_version
5.6.40 _platform
x86_64
program_name
mysql
select @@version_comment limit 1
@@version_comment
Source distribution
show databases
information_schema
SCHEMATA
SCHEMATA
Database
SCHEMA_NAME
information_schema
mysql
performance_schema
test
tlsdb
mysql> grant all privileges on tlsdb.* to tlstest@'%' require ssl;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select host,user,ssl_type from user;
+-----------+---------+----------+
| host | user | ssl_type |
+-----------+---------+----------+
| localhost | root | |
| % | tlstest | ANY |
+-----------+---------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> \s
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.40, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 6
Current database:
Current user: root@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.6.40 Source distribution
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: utf8
Db characterset: utf8
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
UNIX socket: /project/mysql5.6/tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime: 1 day 16 hours 2 min 4 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 76 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 87 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 80 Queries per second avg: 0.000
--------------
# 查看TLS配置和状态
mysql> show variables like '%ssl%';
+---------------+----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+----------+
| have_openssl | DISABLED |
| have_ssl | DISABLED |
| ssl_ca | |
| ssl_capath | |
| ssl_cert | |
| ssl_cipher | |
| ssl_crl | |
| ssl_crlpath | |
| ssl_key | |
+---------------+----------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# ssl_type 是描述TLS连接的模式（类型）
# ANY 是不需要客户端证书，需要验证服务器端证书（和使用浏览器访问https站点一样）。
# X509 是需要客户端证书。
# SPECIFIED 是指定特定的issuer,，subject ，ssl_cipher ，也可以是三者的组合。
# ‘’ 是默认的空。[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /project/mysql5.6/certs
[root@localhost ~]# cd /project/mysql5.6/certs/
[root@localhost mysql5.6]# chown -R mysql.mysql certs/
[root@localhost certs]# openssl genrsa -out mysql_ca_rsa.key 2048
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
..+++
....................................................................................................................................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@localhost certs]# openssl req -new -x509 -key mysql_ca_rsa.key -days 730 -sha256 -out mysql_ca.crt -subj /C=CN/ST=BeiJing/L=BeiJing/O=mysqlDB/OU=mysql/CN=mysql_CA/emailAddress=mysqladmin@test.com
[root@localhost certs]# openssl genrsa -out mysql_rsa.key 2048
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
...........................................+++
....................................................................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@localhost certs]# openssl req -new -key mysql_rsa.key -days 365 -out mysql_server.csr -subj /C=CN/ST=BeiJing/L=BeiJing/O=mysqlDB/OU=mysql/CN=mysql_server/emailAddress=mysqladmin@test.com
[root@localhost certs]# ll
总用量 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1415 12月 18 14:44 mysql_ca.crt
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1679 12月 18 14:43 mysql_ca_rsa.key
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1675 12月 18 14:45 mysql_rsa.key
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1058 12月 18 14:45 mysql_server.csr
[root@localhost certs]# openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 365 -CA mysql_ca.crt -CAkey mysql_ca_rsa.key -CAcreateserial -in mysql_server.csr -out mysql_server.crt
Signature ok
subject=/C=CN/ST=BeiJing/L=BeiJing/O=mysqlDB/OU=mysql/CN=mysql_server/emailAddress=mysqladmin@test.com
Getting CA Private Key
[root@localhost certs]# vim ../my.cnf
[mysqld]
ssl_ca= /project/mysql5.6/certs/mysql_ca.crt
ssl_cert= /project/mysql5.6/certs/mysql_server.crt
ssl_key= /project/mysql5.6/certs/mysql_rsa.key
ssl_cipher= DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
[root@localhost certs]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL... SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL... SUCCESS!
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u tlstest --ssl-ca=/project/mysql5.6/certs/mysql_ca.crt --ssl=1 -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.6.40 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> \s
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.40, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 8
Current database:
Current user: tlstest@localhost
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.6.40 Source distribution
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: utf8
Db characterset: utf8
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
UNIX socket: /project/mysql5.6/tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime: 19 min 26 sec
Threads: 2 Questions: 115 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 87 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 80 Queries per second avg: 0.098
--------------
mysql> show variables like '%ssl%';
+---------------+------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+------------------------------------------+
| have_openssl | YES |
| have_ssl | YES |
| ssl_ca | /project/mysql5.6/certs/mysql_ca.crt |
| ssl_capath | |
| ssl_cert | /project/mysql5.6/certs/mysql_server.crt |
| ssl_cipher | DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA |
| ssl_crl | |
| ssl_crlpath | |
| ssl_key | /project/mysql5.6/certs/mysql_rsa.key |
+---------------+------------------------------------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like '%public%';
+---------------------------------+----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+----------------+
| sha256_password_public_key_path | public_key.pem |
+---------------------------------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
# 抓包测试
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u tlstest -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3306 --ssl-ca=/project/mysql5.6/certs/mysql_ca.crt --ssl=1 -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 5.6.40 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| test |
| tlsdb |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (2.80 sec)
[root@localhost ~]# tcpdump -l -i lo -w - src or dst port 3306 | strings
tcpdump: listening on lo, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
5.6.40
\H1ZU{-h
FeL))2_hka$0
mysql_native_password
SJY8D
BeiJing1
BeiJing1
mysqlDB1
mysql1
mysql_CA1"0
mysqladmin@test.com0
181218064627Z
191218064627Z0
BeiJing1
BeiJing1
mysqlDB1
mysql1
mysql_server1"0
mysqladmin@test.com0
7RX$
zQ##
tgi9
b}v}
q`so
{.R !3>
Y9N_
.7NfC
BeiJing1
BeiJing1
mysqlDB1
mysql1
mysql_CA1"0
mysqladmin@test.com0
181218064406Z
201217064406Z0
BeiJing1
BeiJing1
mysqlDB1
mysql1
mysql_CA1"0
mysqladmin@test.com0
CU/5
J)?J
6/J!
Cy |!
Lu!A{E
A_KB
TIP|i
P0N0
"7A-
"7A-
KU..
k-U9
5a6X
fvNa
7W\m?
WUBl
qzw:
.`Z9
SGnW
5X}?Y
g}d}
wlaD
ufIl
V0hC+,WR
2IE[
rjrI
)5{.t*
G^E
N81(
.Hyz5
=?~n
Nr@l
< O_
eiq(
%K2R
#-8DE
:#?M
OZBI
)ua"
:n+S
1JZ
lFP
*Z*4
[root@localhost ~]# tshark -ni lo -R "tcp.dstport eq 3306"
tshark: -R without -2 is deprecated. For single-pass filtering use -Y.
Running as user "root" and group "root". This could be dangerous.
Capturing on 'Loopback'
1 0.000000000 127.0.0.1 -> 127.0.0.1 TCP 74 43154 > 3306 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=43690 Len=0 MSS=65495 SACK_PERM=1 TSval=8184814 TSecr=0 WS=128
3 0.000092859 127.0.0.1 -> 127.0.0.1 TCP 66 43154 > 3306 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=43776 Len=0 TSval=8184814 TSecr=8184814
5 0.000434952 127.0.0.1 -> 127.0.0.1 TCP 66 43154 > 3306 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=79 Win=43776 Len=0 TSval=8184814 TSecr=8184814
6 0.000604778 127.0.0.1 -> 127.0.0.1 MySQL 102 Login Request user=
8 0.003121269 127.0.0.1 -> 127.0.0.1 TCP 247 [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU]
11 0.017109037 127.0.0.1 -> 127.0.0.1 TCP 66 43154 > 3306 [ACK] Seq=218 Ack=2894 Win=174720 Len=0 TSval=8184831 TSecr=8184820
12 0.025592782 127.0.0.1 -> 127.0.0.1 TCP 404 [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU]
14 0.029730886 127.0.0.1 -> 127.0.0.1 TCP 332 [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU]
16 0.030049352 127.0.0.1 -> 127.0.0.1 TCP 172 [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU]
18 0.071404170 127.0.0.1 -> 127.0.0.1 TCP 66 43154 > 3306 [ACK] Seq=928 Ack=3356 Win=185984 Len=0 TSval=8184885 TSecr=8184844
19 11.507220009 127.0.0.1 -> 127.0.0.1 TCP 156 [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU]
21 11.507794338 127.0.0.1 -> 127.0.0.1 TCP 66 43154 > 3306 [ACK] Seq=1018 Ack=3574 Win=191616 Len=0 TSval=8196321 TSecr=8196321MySQL5.6 只能支持TLSv1 ，不能支持更高版本的TLS协议；
[root@localhost certs]# openssl genrsa -out client01.key 2048 Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus ............+++ ................+++ e is 65537 (0x10001) [root@localhost certs]# openssl req -new -key client01.key -out client01.csr -subj /C=CN/ST=BeiJing/L=BeiJing/O=mysqlDB/OU=mysql/CN=mysql_cli01/emailAddress=mysqladmin@test.com [root@localhost certs]# openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 365 -CA mysql_ca.crt -CAkey mysql_ca_rsa.key -CAcreateserial -in client01.csr -out client01.crt Signature ok subject=/C=CN/ST=BeiJing/L=BeiJing/O=mysqlDB/OU=mysql/CN=mysql_cli01/emailAddress=mysqladmin@test.com Getting CA Private Key [root@localhost certs]# ll 总用量 36 -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1302 12月 18 15:55 client01.crt -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1058 12月 18 15:54 client01.csr -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1679 12月 18 15:54 client01.key -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1415 12月 18 14:44 mysql_ca.crt -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1679 12月 18 14:43 mysql_ca_rsa.key -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 17 12月 18 15:55 mysql_ca.srl -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1675 12月 18 14:45 mysql_rsa.key -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1306 12月 18 14:46 mysql_server.crt -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1058 12月 18 14:45 mysql_server.csr [root@localhost ~]# mysql -u tlstest --ssl-ca=/project/mysql5.6/certs/mysql_ca.crt --ssl=1 --ssl-cert=/project/mysql5.6/certs/client01.crt --ssl-key=/project/mysql5.6/certs/client01.key -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 28 Server version: 5.6.40 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
看了以上 MySQL5.6 如何部署 TLS方法介绍，希望能给大家在实际运用中带来一定的帮助。本文由于篇幅有限，难免会有不足和需要补充的地方，大家可以继续关注创新互联行业资讯板块，会定期给大家更新行业新闻和知识，如有需要更加专业的解答，可在官网联系我们的24小时售前售后，随时帮您解答问题的。
