pg_repackbloat处理测试初步

一、软件安装

创新互联是一家以网站建设公司、网页设计、品牌设计、软件运维、seo优化、小程序App开发等移动开发为一体互联网公司。已累计为水处理设备等众行业中小客户提供优质的互联网建站和软件开发服务。

1.软件需求：

postgresql-9.5.2.tar.gz

pg_repack-1.3.4.zip

2.安装pg_repack

[root@localhost pg_repack-1.3.4]# export PATH=/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/bin:$PATH

[root@localhost pg_repack-1.3.4]# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/lib

[root@localhost pg_repack-1.3.4]# export MANPATH=/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/share/man:$MANPATH

[root@localhost pg_repack-1.3.4]# make

make[1]: Entering directory `/home/soft/pg_repack-1.3.4/bin'

gcc -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -O2 -I/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/include -DREPACK_VERSION=1.3.4 -I. -I./ -I/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/include/server -I/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/include/internal -D_GNU_SOURCE -c -o pg_repack.o pg_repack.c

gcc -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -O2 pg_repack.o pgut/pgut.o pgut/pgut-fe.o -L/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/lib -lpq -L/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/lib -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-rpath,'/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/lib',--enable-new-dtags -lpgcommon -lpgport -lz -lreadline -lrt -lcrypt -ldl -lm -o pg_repack

make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/soft/pg_repack-1.3.4/bin'

make[1]: Entering directory `/home/soft/pg_repack-1.3.4/lib'

gcc -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -O2 -fpic -DREPACK_VERSION=1.3.4 -I. -I./ -I/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/include/server -I/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/include/internal -D_GNU_SOURCE -c -o repack.o repack.c

gcc -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -O2 -fpic -DREPACK_VERSION=1.3.4 -I. -I./ -I/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/include/server -I/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/include/internal -D_GNU_SOURCE -c -o pgut/pgut-be.o pgut/pgut-be.c

gcc -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -O2 -fpic -DREPACK_VERSION=1.3.4 -I. -I./ -I/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/include/server -I/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/include/internal -D_GNU_SOURCE -c -o pgut/pgut-spi.o pgut/pgut-spi.c

( echo '{ global:'; gawk '/^[^#]/ {printf "%s;\n",$1}' exports.txt; echo ' local: *; };' ) >exports.list

gcc -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -O2 -fpic -shared -Wl,--version-script=exports.list -o pg_repack.so repack.o pgut/pgut-be.o pgut/pgut-spi.o -L/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/lib -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-rpath,'/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/lib',--enable-new-dtags

sed 's,REPACK_VERSION,1.3.4,g' pg_repack.sql.in > pg_repack--1.3.4.sql;

sed 's,REPACK_VERSION,1.3.4,g' pg_repack.control.in > pg_repack.control

make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/soft/pg_repack-1.3.4/lib'

make[1]: Entering directory `/home/soft/pg_repack-1.3.4/regress'

make[1]: Nothing to be done for `all'.

make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/soft/pg_repack-1.3.4/regress'

[root@localhost pg_repack-1.3.4]# make install

make[1]: Entering directory `/home/soft/pg_repack-1.3.4/bin'

/bin/mkdir -p '/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/bin'

/usr/bin/install -c pg_repack '/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/bin'

make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/soft/pg_repack-1.3.4/bin'

make[1]: Entering directory `/home/soft/pg_repack-1.3.4/lib'

/bin/mkdir -p '/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/lib'

/bin/mkdir -p '/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/share/extension'

/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 pg_repack.so '/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/lib/pg_repack.so'

/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 .//pg_repack.control '/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/share/extension/'

/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 pg_repack--1.3.4.sql pg_repack.control '/opt/pgsql/9.5.2/share/extension/'

make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/soft/pg_repack-1.3.4/lib'

make[1]: Entering directory `/home/soft/pg_repack-1.3.4/regress'

make[1]: Nothing to be done for `install'.

make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/soft/pg_repack-1.3.4/regress'

[root@localhost pg_repack-1.3.4]#

3.创建初始环境

[postgres@localhost ~]$ createdb bloatdb

[postgres@localhost ~]$ psql -d bloatdb -c "create extension pgstattuple;"

CREATE EXTENSION

[postgres@localhost ~]$ psql -d bloatdb -c "CREATE EXTENSION pg_repack;"

CREATE EXTENSION

[postgres@localhost ~]$

$ psql bloatdb

psql (9.5.2)

Type "help" for help.

bloatdb=# \dx

List of installed extensions

Name | Version | Schema | Description

-------------+---------+------------+--------------------------------------------------------------

pg_repack | 1.3.4 | public | Reorganize tables in PostgreSQL databases with minimal locks

pgstattuple | 1.3 | public | show tuple-level statistics

plpgsql | 1.0 | pg_catalog | PL/pgSQL procedural language

(3 rows)

二、静态（无活跃交易）膨胀整理测试

1.处理表tbl指定索引

1).准备环境

bloatdb=# create table tbl(id int primary key, first varchar(20),second varchar(20));

CREATE TABLE

bloatdb=# create index idx_tbl_first on tbl (first);

CREATE INDEX

bloatdb=# create index idx_tbl_second on tbl (second);

CREATE INDEX

bloatdb=# SELECT count(*) FROM tbl;

count

-------

(1 row)

bloatdb=# SELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size('tbl'));

pg_size_pretty

----------------

24 kB

(1 row)

bloatdb=# INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(generate_series(1,10000), 'first'||(random()*(10^3))::integer, 'second'||(random()*(10^3))::integer);

INSERT 0 10000

bloatdb=# SELECT count(*) FROM tbl;

count

-------

10000

(1 row)

bloatdb=# SELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size('tbl'));

pg_size_pretty

----------------

1584 kB

(1 row)

bloatdb=#

更新列

bloatdb=# UPDATE tbl SET first= 'updated-001';

UPDATE 10000

bloatdb=# SELECT count(*) FROM tbl;

count

-------

10000

(1 row)

bloatdb=# SELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size('tbl'));

pg_size_pretty

----------------

3376 kB

(1 row)

bloatdb=#

2).查询膨胀率

建立膨胀统计表

[postgres@localhost ~]$ /home/soft/pg_bloat_check-master/pg_bloat_check.py -c "dbname=bloatdb" --create_stats_table

膨胀统计

[postgres@localhost ~]$ /home/soft/pg_bloat_check-master/pg_bloat_check.py -c "dbname=bloatdb" -t tbl

1. public.idx_tbl_second.......................................................(52.69%) 417 kB wasted

2. public.idx_tbl_first........................................................(52.64%) 413 kB wasted

3. public.tbl_pkey.............................................................(57.79%) 388 kB wasted

[postgres@localhost ~]$

3).处理膨胀

指定数据库的特定索引

[postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_repack -d bloatdb --index idx_tbl_first

INFO: repacking index "public"."idx_tbl_first"

[postgres@localhost ~]$ /home/soft/pg_bloat_check-master/pg_bloat_check.py -c "dbname=bloatdb" -t tbl

1. public.idx_tbl_second.......................................................(52.69%) 417 kB wasted

2. public.tbl_pkey.............................................................(57.79%) 388 kB wasted

3. public.idx_tbl_first.....................................................(0.93%) 3121 bytes wasted

[postgres@localhost ~]$

2.处理表tbl所有索引

1).准备环境

bloatdb=# update tbl set second='chris';

UPDATE 10000

bloatdb=# SELECT count(*) FROM tbl;

count

-------

10000

(1 row)

bloatdb=# SELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size('tbl'));

pg_size_pretty

----------------

3600 kB

(1 row)

bloatdb=#

bloatdb=# update tbl set first='chris';

UPDATE 10000

bloatdb=# SELECT count(*) FROM tbl;

count

-------

10000

(1 row)

bloatdb=# SELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size('tbl'));

pg_size_pretty

----------------

4176 kB

(1 row)

bloatdb=#

2).检查膨胀

[postgres@localhost ~]$ /home/soft/pg_bloat_check-master/pg_bloat_check.py -c "dbname=bloatdb" -t tbl

1. public.idx_tbl_second.......................................................(59.94%) 820 kB wasted

2. public.idx_tbl_first........................................................(40.94%) 409 kB wasted

3. public.tbl_pkey.............................................................(28.73%) 193 kB wasted

[postgres@localhost ~]$

3).处理tbl表所有索引膨胀

[postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_repack -d bloatdb --table tbl --only-indexes

INFO: repacking indexes of "tbl"

INFO: repacking index "public"."idx_tbl_first"

INFO: repacking index "public"."idx_tbl_second"

INFO: repacking index "public"."tbl_pkey"

[postgres@localhost ~]$ /home/soft/pg_bloat_check-master/pg_bloat_check.py -c "dbname=bloatdb" -t tbl

1. public.idx_tbl_first.....................................................(1.23%) 3028 bytes wasted

2. public.idx_tbl_second....................................................(1.23%) 3028 bytes wasted

3. public.tbl_pkey..........................................................(1.23%) 3028 bytes wasted

[postgres@localhost ~]$

3.处理tbl数据和索引膨胀

1).索引膨胀

[postgres@localhost ~]$ /home/soft/pg_bloat_check-master/pg_bloat_check.py -c "dbname=bloatdb" -t tbl

1. public.idx_tbl_first.........................................................(57.87%) 49 MB wasted

2. public.idx_tbl_second........................................................(39.29%) 34 MB wasted

3. public.tbl_pkey..............................................................(51.22%) 26 MB wasted

2).处理膨胀online VACUUM FULL 数据库bloatdb表tbl(数据和索引)

[postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_repack --no-order --table tbl -d bloatdb

INFO: repacking table "tbl"

[postgres@localhost ~]$ /home/soft/pg_bloat_check-master/pg_bloat_check.py -c "dbname=bloatdb" -t tbl

1. public.tbl_pkey..............................................................(0.0%) 0 bytes wasted

2. public.idx_tbl_second........................................................(0.0%) 0 bytes wasted

3. public.idx_tbl_first.........................................................(0.0%) 0 bytes wasted

[postgres@localhost ~]$

三、动态(有交易发生时)膨胀处理

1.整个表做膨胀处理

1).初始条件

-- clear table data

bloatdb=# select * from tbl;

id | first | second

----+-------+--------

(0 rows)

bloatdb=#

bloatdb=# INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(generate_series(1,100000), 'first'||(random()*(10^3))::integer, 'second'||(random()*(10^3))::integer);

INSERT 0 100000

bloatdb=# UPDATE tbl SET first= 'updated-001';

UPDATE 100000

bloatdb=#

-- check bloat

[postgres@localhost ~]$ /home/soft/pg_bloat_check-master/pg_bloat_check.py -c "dbname=bloatdb" -t tbl

1. public.idx_tbl_second........................................................(67.26%) 17 MB wasted

2. public.idx_tbl_first.........................................................(67.46%) 17 MB wasted

3. public.tbl_pkey............................................................(63.91%) 9832 kB wasted

[postgres@localhost ~]$

2).大量插入数据同时做膨胀处理

statement_timeout=0, 视情况调整：maintenance_work_mem，wal_keep_segments(streaming,SSD<2000>)

先插入数据，过程中处理膨胀加上-T参数值为3600.

-- session 1：insert data

bloatdb=# INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(generate_series(100001,3000000), 'first'||(random()*(10^3))::integer, 'second'||(random()*(10^3))::integer);

光标闪烁

-- session 2：repack during insert

$ pg_repack -d bloatdb --no-order --table tbl --wait-timeout=3600

INFO: repacking table "tbl"

光标闪烁

############################## args: -j ###########################################

如果使用--table指定多个table时，会依次处理每个指定的表。如果整理使用-j参数，则pg_repack，在创建临时表索引时会启动多个后台进程并行创建索引，一般每建立一个索引都需要启动一个后台进程，直到min(j,tbl_idx_number<表中总的索引数>)数量的worker被创建完成。当指定j数量小于索引数量时，一个索引创建完成时，空闲的work会自动被分派去建立剩余索引。当指定j数量大于索引数量时，一次性分派索引总数个work来执行索引创建任务。

$ pg_repack -j 10 --no-order -d bloatdb --table tbl --wait-timeout=3600

NOTICE: Setting up workers.conns

INFO: repacking table "tbl"

LOG: Initial worker 0 to build index: CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_22025 ON repack.table_22022 USING btree (id)

LOG: Initial worker 1 to build index: CREATE INDEX index_22027 ON repack.table_22022 USING btree (first)

LOG: Initial worker 2 to build index: CREATE INDEX index_22028 ON repack.table_22022 USING btree (second)

LOG: Command finished in worker 0: CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_22025 ON repack.table_22022 USING btree (id)

LOG: Command finished in worker 1: CREATE INDEX index_22027 ON repack.table_22022 USING btree (first)

LOG: Command finished in worker 2: CREATE INDEX index_22028 ON repack.table_22022 USING btree (second)

指定多个表的情况，j < idx_numbers

$ pg_repack -j 2 --no-order -d bloatdb --table tbl -t tbl01 --wait-timeout=3600

NOTICE: Setting up workers.conns

INFO: repacking table "tbl"

LOG: Initial worker 0 to build index: CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_22025 ON repack.table_22022 USING btree (id)

LOG: Initial worker 1 to build index: CREATE INDEX index_22027 ON repack.table_22022 USING btree (first)

LOG: Command finished in worker 0: CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_22025 ON repack.table_22022 USING btree (id)

LOG: Assigning worker 0 to build index #2: CREATE INDEX index_22028 ON repack.table_22022 USING btree (second)

LOG: Command finished in worker 1: CREATE INDEX index_22027 ON repack.table_22022 USING btree (first)

LOG: Command finished in worker 0: CREATE INDEX index_22028 ON repack.table_22022 USING btree (second)

(处理过程中有长事务，会等待事务完成)

NOTICE: Waiting for 1 transactions to finish. First PID: 10426

INFO: repacking table "tbl01"

LOG: Initial worker 0 to build index: CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_22065 ON repack.table_22062 USING btree (id)

LOG: Initial worker 1 to build index: CREATE INDEX index_22067 ON repack.table_22062 USING btree (first)

LOG: Command finished in worker 0: CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_22065 ON repack.table_22062 USING btree (id)

LOG: Assigning worker 0 to build index #2: CREATE INDEX index_22068 ON repack.table_22062 USING btree (second)

LOG: Command finished in worker 1: CREATE INDEX index_22067 ON repack.table_22062 USING btree (first)

LOG: Command finished in worker 0: CREATE INDEX index_22068 ON repack.table_22062 USING btree (second)

##################################################################################

--session 1 finish insert

bloatdb=# INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(generate_series(100001,3000000), 'first'||(random()*(10^3))::integer, 'second'||(random()*(10^3))::integer);

INSERT 0 2900000

bloatdb=#

-- session 2： finish repack

[postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_repack -d bloatdb --no-order --table tbl --wait-timeout=3600

INFO: repacking table "tbl"

-- session 2：膨胀检查

[postgres@localhost ~]$ /home/soft/pg_bloat_check-master/pg_bloat_check.py -c "dbname=bloatdb" -t tbl

1. public.tbl_pkey..............................................................(0.0%) 0 bytes wasted

2. public.idx_tbl_second........................................................(0.0%) 0 bytes wasted

3. public.idx_tbl_first.........................................................(0.0%) 0 bytes wasted

[postgres@localhost ~]$

-- session 1：数据检查

bloatdb=# select count(*) from tbl ;

count

---------

3000000

(1 row)

bloatdb=#

2.指定tbl表所有索引膨胀处理

如果tbl表有多个索引情况下，默认处理方式，一个索引接着一个索引做膨胀处理即使指定了-j参数大于1。

1).准备数据

--session 1： insert data

bloatdb=# delete FROM tbl;

DELETE 3000000

bloatdb=# INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(generate_series(1,100000), 'first'||(random()*(10^3))::integer, 'second'||(random()*(10^3))::integer);

INSERT 0 100000

bloatdb=# update tbl set first='chris';

UPDATE 100000

bloatdb=#

-- session 2：check bloat

[postgres@localhost ~]$ /home/soft/pg_bloat_check-master/pg_bloat_check.py -c "dbname=bloatdb" -t tbl

1. public.tbl_pkey..............................................................(41.14%) 28 MB wasted

2. public.idx_tbl_second.......................................................(4.32%) 4471 kB wasted

3. public.idx_tbl_first........................................................(2.96%) 2889 kB wasted

[postgres@localhost ~]$

2).online insert and repack

--session 1： insert large data

bloatdb=# INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(generate_series(100001,3000000), 'first'||(random()*(10^3))::integer, 'second'||(random()*(10^3))::integer);

光标闪烁

-- session 2：process bloat，during session 1 inert large data

[postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_repack -d bloatdb --table tbl --only-indexes --wait-timeout=3600

INFO: repacking indexes of "tbl"

INFO: repacking index "public"."idx_tbl_first"

INFO: repacking index "public"."idx_tbl_second"

光标闪烁

--session 1：insert finish

bloatdb=# INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(generate_series(100001,3000000), 'first'||(random()*(10^3))::integer, 'second'||(random()*(10^3))::integer);

INSERT 0 2900000

bloatdb=#

--session 2：repack finish

[postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_repack -d bloatdb --table tbl --only-indexes -T 3600

INFO: repacking indexes of "tbl"

INFO: repacking index "public"."idx_tbl_first"

INFO: repacking index "public"."idx_tbl_second"

INFO: repacking index "public"."tbl_pkey"

3) check table data and index bloat

--session 2：check bloat

[postgres@localhost ~]$ /home/soft/pg_bloat_check-master/pg_bloat_check.py -c "dbname=bloatdb" -t tbl

1. public.tbl_pkey..............................................................(0.0%) 0 bytes wasted

2. public.idx_tbl_first.........................................................(0.0%) 0 bytes wasted

3. public.idx_tbl_second........................................................(0.0%) 0 bytes wasted

[postgres@localhost ~]$

--session 1：check table data

bloatdb=# select count(*) from tbl;

count

---------

3000000

(1 row)

bloatdb=#

3.指定tbl表指定索引膨胀处理

注意：--index(默认使用concurrently方式创建指定索引)，无法与--only-indexes选项同时使用。

[postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_repack -d bloatdb --index idx_tbl_first --only-indexes

ERROR: cannot specify --index (-i) and --only-indexes (-x)

1).准备数据

-- read data

bloatdb=# delete FROM tbl;

DELETE 3000000

bloatdb=# INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(generate_series(1,100000), 'first'||(random()*(10^3))::integer, 'second'||(random()*(10^3))::integer);

INSERT 0 100000

bloatdb=# update tbl set first='chris';

UPDATE 100000

bloatdb=#

-- check bloat

[postgres@localhost ~]$ /home/soft/pg_bloat_check-master/pg_bloat_check.py -c "dbname=bloatdb" -t tbl

1. public.idx_tbl_second........................................................(47.57%) 97 MB wasted

2. public.tbl_pkey.............................................................(9.44%) 7206 kB wasted

3. public.idx_tbl_first........................................................(3.11%) 3040 kB wasted

[postgres@localhost ~]$

2).online insert and repack

--session 1： insert large data

bloatdb=# INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(generate_series(100001,3000000), 'first'||(random()*(10^3))::integer, 'second'||(random()*(10^3))::integer);

光标闪烁

-- session 2：process bloat，during session 1 inert large data

[postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_repack -d bloatdb --index idx_tbl_second --wait-timeout=3600

INFO: repacking index "public"."idx_tbl_second"

光标闪烁

--session 1：insert finish

bloatdb=# INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(generate_series(100001,3000000), 'first'||(random()*(10^3))::integer, 'second'||(random()*(10^3))::integer);

INSERT 0 2900000

bloatdb=#

--session 2：repack finish

[postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_repack -d bloatdb --index idx_tbl_second --wait-timeout=3600

INFO: repacking index "public"."idx_tbl_second"

[postgres@localhost ~]$

3) check table data and index bloat

--session 2：check bloat

[postgres@localhost ~]$ /home/soft/pg_bloat_check-master/pg_bloat_check.py -c "dbname=bloatdb" -t tbl

1. public.idx_tbl_first........................................................(50.77%) 102 MB wasted

2. public.tbl_pkey...............................................................(47.6%) 65 MB wasted

3. public.idx_tbl_second........................................................(0.0%) 0 bytes wasted

[postgres@localhost ~]$

--session 1：check table data

bloatdb=# select count(*) from tbl;

count

---------

3000000

(1 row)

bloatdb=#

测试结论：

一般同等条件下，索引比数据更容易膨胀。
在磁盘空间较紧张的情况下，建议一条接着一条索引处理。
一般bloat处理所需磁盘空闲空间是对象size的2倍，所以处理前必须先关注空闲磁盘空间大小。
注意pg_repack版本对Pg版本的支持情况，9.6截至2016-11-26仍未支持，详见http://pgxn.org/dist/pg_repack/doc/pg_repack.html#Releases。
处理存在在线交易的表或者索引对象的bloat时，注意设置超时参数--wait-timeout，一般设置为1800或3600（特别感谢李海龙建议）。

特别声明：本说明只针对此次测试环境，在生产环境要在业务低峰时期运行，为了保证系统数据安全，建议先备份数据，然后做膨胀处理

当前标题：pg_repackbloat处理测试初步
链接URL：http://bjjierui.cn/article/jpoiec.html

定制建站费用3500元

品牌网站建设费用6000元

商城网站建设费用8000元

手机微信网站建站3000元

建站知识

pg_repackbloat处理测试初步

其他资讯