主从复制包含两个步骤: 在 master 主服务器(组)上的设置,以及在 slave 从属服务器(组)上的设置.
在网站设计、成都做网站过程中，需要针对客户的行业特点、产品特性、目标受众和市场情况进行定位分析，以确定网站的风格、色彩、版式、交互等方面的设计方向。成都创新互联公司还需要根据客户的需求进行功能模块的开发和设计，包括内容管理、前台展示、用户权限管理、数据统计和安全保护等功能。
配置主服务器 master
1、如果没有启用，则需要开启二进制日志.
给 master 设置唯一的 server_id ,所有的 slave 从属服务器也要设置 server_id; server_id值可以是整数型的数字(1 ~ 2^31-1), 在同一个复制组(replicating group)中的每台服务器的server_id都必须是唯一的.
[MySQLd]
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
2、创建一个复制账号，并授予replication slave权限。slave 从属服务器需要有连接并从master复制的权限. 通常是为每一台slave 创建一个单独的用户(user),并且只授予复制的权限(REPLICATION SLAVE 权限).
示例
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'replication_user'@'slave_host' IDENTIFIED BY 'bigs3cret';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl_user'@'192.168.1.53' identified by 'pancou';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
需要注意，有一些系统配置选项可能会影响主从复制，查看下面的变量以避免发生问题:
skip-networking,如果 "skip-networking=1"，则服务器将限制只能由localhost连接，阻止其他机器远程连到此服务器上。
bind_address,类似地，如果 服务器只监听 127.0.0.1(localhost)的TCP/IP连接,则远程的 slave也不能连接到此服务器.
3、在主库上，设置读锁定有效，这个操作是为了确保没有数据库操作，以便获得一个一致性的快照：
MariaDB [(none)]> flush tables with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
4、然后得到主库上当前二进制文件名和偏移量值。这个操作的目的是在数据库启动以后，从这个点开始进行数据恢复。
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 509 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5、现在主数据已经停止了更新操作，需要进行主数据库备份。 如果主数据库可以停止那么直接复制数据文件应该是最快的方法。
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --quick --all-databases --lock-all-tables --master-data=2 > /opt/data-all.sql
Enter password:
[root@localhost ~]# ll -h /opt/data-all.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3.7M May 2 15:08 /opt/data-all.sql
6、主库备份完毕以后，可以恢复写操作，剩下的操作只需要在从库上操作。
MariaDB [(none)]> unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
7、将主数据库的一致性备份数据传送到从库上。
[root@localhost ~]# rsync -avH --progress '-e ssh -p 22' /opt/data-all.sql root@192.168.1.53:/tmp/
The authenticity of host '192.168.1.53 (192.168.1.53)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 75:b3:14:47:e1:73:10:24:a8:8f:b8:05:29:3e:7d:30.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.53' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
reverse mapping checking getaddrinfo for bogon [192.168.1.53] failed - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT!
root@192.168.1.53's password:
sending incremental file list
data-all.sql
3863888 100% 23.88MB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#1, to-check=0/1)
sent 3864436 bytes received 31 bytes 594533.38 bytes/sec
total size is 3863888 speedup is 1.00
配置从属服务器 slave
1、给 slave 指定唯一的 server_id. 所有服务器，不管是主服务器，还是从服务器,都要设置 server_id. server_id值可以是整数型的数字(1 ~ 2^31-1), 在同一个复制组(replicating group)中的每台(/个)服务器的server_id都必须是唯一的.
要让此配置项生效,需要重新启动服务.
[mysqld]
server-id=2
2、在从库上恢复数据
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
3、在从库上使用--skip-salve-start选项启动从服务器，这样不会立即启动从数据库服务器上的复制进程，方便我们对数据库的服务进
行进一步的设置。
[root@www ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --skip-slave-start &
4、对从数据库做相应的设置，指定复制使用的用户，指定复制使用的用户，主数据库服务器的IP、端口以及开始执行复制的日志文件和
位置等。
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='master.domain.com',
MASTER_USER='replication_user',
MASTER_PASSWORD='bigs3cret',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mariadb-bin.000096',
MASTER_LOG_POS=568,
MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY=10;
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.1.78',master_user='repl_user',master_password='pancou',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',master_log_pos=509;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.79 sec)
5、在从库上，启动slave进程
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
6、这时在salve上，执行show processlist命令将显示类似如下进程：
MariaDB [(none)]> show processlist\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Id: 5
User: root
Host: localhost
db: NULL
Command: Query
Time: 0
State: init
Info: show processlist
Progress: 0.000
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Id: 8
User: system user
Host:
db: NULL
Command: Connect
Time: 10
State: Waiting for master to send event
Info: NULL
Progress: 0.000
*************************** 3. row ***************************
Id: 9
User: system user
Host:
db: NULL
Command: Connect
Time: 4
State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Info: NULL
Progress: 0.000
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
这表明slave已经连接上master了，并开始接收日志。
主库上的进程：
MariaDB [(none)]> show processlist\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Id: 7
User: root
Host: localhost
db: NULL
Command: Query
Time: 0
State: init
Info: show processlist
Progress: 0.000
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Id: 9
User: repl_user
Host: 192.168.1.53:57532
db: NULL
Command: Binlog Dump
Time: 183
State: Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated
Info: NULL
Progress: 0.000
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
7、查看从库复制状态
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.78
Master_User: repl_user
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 479
Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000004
Relay_Log_Pos: 767
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 479
Relay_Log_Space: 1112
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Using_Gtid: No
Gtid_IO_Pos:
Replicate_Do_Domain_Ids:
Replicate_Ignore_Domain_Ids:
Parallel_Mode: conservative
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
验证复制服务的正确性，在主数据库上执行一个更新操作，观察是否在从库上的是否同步。
MariaDB [(none)]> create database pancou;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use database pancou;
ERROR 1049 (42000): Unknown database 'database'
MariaDB [(none)]> use pancou;
Database changed
MariaDB [pancou]> create table rpel_table(id int(3));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.39 sec)
MariaDB [pancou]> insert rpel_table value(1),(2),(3),(4),(5);
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [pancou]> select * from rpel_table;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
+------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [pancou]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 913 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
查看从库：
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from pancou.rpel_table;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
+------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.78
Master_User: repl_user
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 913
Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000004
Relay_Log_Pos: 1201
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 913
Relay_Log_Space: 1546
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Using_Gtid: No
Gtid_IO_Pos:
Replicate_Do_Domain_Ids:
Replicate_Ignore_Domain_Ids:
Parallel_Mode: conservative
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
