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1. 数据定义语句 DDL
create （database | table | index）
drop （database | table | index）
alter （database | table）
rename （table）
1.1 create
mysql> create database school; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show create database school; +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | Database | Create Database | +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | school | CREATE DATABASE `school` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ | +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use school; Database changed mysql> mysql> create table student( -> `id` int(5) not null auto_increment, -> `name` char(20) not null, -> `sex` char(5) not null, -> `age` tinyint(2) not null default '0', -> primary key(id), -> key index_name(name)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> desc student; +-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(5) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | name | char(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | | | sex | char(5) | NO | | NULL | | | age | tinyint(2) | NO | | NULL | | +-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show create table student\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: student Create Table: CREATE TABLE `student` ( `id` int(5) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` char(20) NOT NULL, `sex` char(5) NOT NULL, `age` tinyint(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', PRIMARY KEY (`id`), KEY `index_name` (`name`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create index index_age on student(age); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> desc student; +-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(5) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | name | char(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | | | sex | char(5) | NO | | NULL | | | age | tinyint(2) | NO | MUL | NULL | | +-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.2 drop
mysql> use school; Database changed mysql> mysql> show tables; +------------------+ | Tables_in_school | +------------------+ | student | | test01 | | test02 | +------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> mysql> drop table test01; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show tables; +------------------+ | Tables_in_school | +------------------+ | student | | test02 | +------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | school | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> drop database test; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | school | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use school; Database changed mysql> mysql> desc student; +-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(5) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | name | char(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | | | sex | char(5) | NO | | NULL | | | age | tinyint(2) | NO | MUL | NULL | | +-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> drop index index_age on student; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> desc student; +-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(5) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | name | char(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | | | sex | char(5) | NO | | NULL | | | age | tinyint(2) | NO | | NULL | | +-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.3 alter
mysql> show create database test; +----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | Database | Create Database | +----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | test | CREATE DATABASE `test` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ | +----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> alter database test CHARACTER SET GBK COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci; # 改库的字符集 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show create database test; +----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | Database | Create Database | +----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | test | CREATE DATABASE `test` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */ | +----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show character set; +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen | +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 | | dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 | | cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 | | hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 | | koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 | | latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 | | latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 | | gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 | | latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 | | armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 | | utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 | mysql> desc test01; +-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | int(4) | NO | PRI | 0 | | | fit | int(5) | YES | MUL | NULL | | +-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> alter table test01 drop primary key; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> desc test01; +-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | int(4) | NO | | 0 | | | fit | int(5) | YES | MUL | NULL | | +-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> alter table test01 drop index index_fit; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> desc test01; +-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | int(4) | NO | | 0 | | | fit | int(5) | YES | | NULL | | +-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from student; +----+--------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+--------+-----+-----+ | 1 | 小东 | 男 | 13 | | 2 | 小南 | 女 | 13 | | 3 | 小北 | 男 | 13 | | 4 | 小西 | 女 | 13 | +----+--------+-----+-----+ 4 rows in set (0.10 sec) mysql> alter table student drop age; Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.16 sec) Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> mysql> select * from student; +----+--------+-----+ | id | name | sex | +----+--------+-----+ | 1 | 小东 | 男 | | 2 | 小南 | 女 | | 3 | 小北 | 男 | | 4 | 小西 | 女 | +----+--------+-----+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> alter table student add age tinyint(2) not null; Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.10 sec) Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from student; +----+--------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+--------+-----+-----+ | 1 | 小东 | 男 | 0 | | 2 | 小南 | 女 | 0 | | 3 | 小北 | 男 | 0 | | 4 | 小西 | 女 | 0 | +----+--------+-----+-----+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.4 rename
mysql> show tables; +------------------+ | Tables_in_school | +------------------+ | student | +------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> rename table student to boy; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show tables; +------------------+ | Tables_in_school | +------------------+ | boy | +------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2. 数据操作语句 DML
insert
select
update
delete
2.1 insert
mysql> insert into student(name,sex,age) values('小东','男','13'),('小南','女','13');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql>
mysql> select * from student;
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| id | name | sex | age |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| 1 | 小东 | 男 | 13 |
| 2 | 小南 | 女 | 13 |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into student values(3,'小北','男','13'),(4,'小西','女','13');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from student;
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| id | name | sex | age |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| 1 | 小东 | 男 | 13 |
| 2 | 小南 | 女 | 13 |
| 3 | 小北 | 男 | 13 |
| 4 | 小西 | 女 | 13 |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)2.2 select
mysql> select * from student; +----+--------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+--------+-----+-----+ | 1 | 小东 | 男 | 0 | | 2 | 小南 | 女 | 0 | | 3 | 小北 | 女 | 12 | | 4 | 小西 | 女 | 13 | +----+--------+-----+-----+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from student where name='小北'; +----+--------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+--------+-----+-----+ | 3 | 小北 | 女 | 12 | +----+--------+-----+-----+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; +------+-----------+ | user | host | +------+-----------+ | root | 127.0.0.1 | | root | localhost | +------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select user,host from mysql.user where user='root' and host='localhost'; +------+-----------+ | user | host | +------+-----------+ | root | localhost | +------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2.3 update
mysql> update student set age=13 where id=4; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from student; +----+--------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+--------+-----+-----+ | 1 | 小东 | 男 | 0 | | 2 | 小南 | 女 | 0 | | 3 | 小北 | 男 | 0 | | 4 | 小西 | 女 | 13 | +----+--------+-----+-----+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> update student set sex='女',age=12 where id=3; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from student; +----+--------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+--------+-----+-----+ | 1 | 小东 | 男 | 0 | | 2 | 小南 | 女 | 0 | | 3 | 小北 | 女 | 12 | | 4 | 小西 | 女 | 13 | +----+--------+-----+-----+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.4 delete
mysql> select * from student; +----+--------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+--------+-----+-----+ | 1 | 小东 | 男 | 0 | | 2 | 小南 | 女 | 0 | | 3 | 小北 | 女 | 12 | | 4 | 小西 | 女 | 13 | +----+--------+-----+-----+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> delete from student where id=4; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from student; +----+--------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+--------+-----+-----+ | 1 | 小东 | 男 | 0 | | 2 | 小南 | 女 | 0 | | 3 | 小北 | 女 | 12 | +----+--------+-----+-----+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> delete from student where name='小南'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from student; +----+--------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+--------+-----+-----+ | 1 | 小东 | 男 | 0 | | 3 | 小北 | 女 | 12 | +----+--------+-----+-----+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3. 数据库管理语句
show
create user
grant
revoke
3.1 show
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | school | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use school; Database changed mysql> show tables; +------------------+ | Tables_in_school | +------------------+ | student | +------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show create database school; +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | Database | Create Database | +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | school | CREATE DATABASE `school` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ | +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show create table student\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: student Create Table: CREATE TABLE `student` ( `id` int(5) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` char(20) NOT NULL, `sex` char(5) NOT NULL, `age` tinyint(2) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), KEY `index_name` (`name`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; +------+-----------+ | user | host | +------+-----------+ | root | 127.0.0.1 | | root | localhost | +------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show grants for root@localhost; +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for root@localhost | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257' WITH GRANT OPTION | | GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.2 create user
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user; +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | user | host | password | +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | root | localhost | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 | | root | 127.0.0.1 | | +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> mysql> create user logen@'192.168.0.%' identified by '123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user; +-------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+ | user | host | password | +-------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+ | root | localhost | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 | | root | 127.0.0.1 | | | logen | 192.168.0.% | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 | +-------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user; +-------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+ | user | host | password | +-------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+ | root | localhost | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 | | root | 127.0.0.1 | | | logen | 192.168.0.% | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 | +-------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> drop user logen@'192.168.0.%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user; +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | user | host | password | +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | root | localhost | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 | | root | 127.0.0.1 | | +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.3 grant
mysql> grant insert,delete,update,select on school.student to logen@'192.168.0.%' identified by '123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show grants for logen@'192.168.0.%'; +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for logen@192.168.0.% | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'logen'@'192.168.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257' | | GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `school`.`student` TO 'logen'@'192.168.0.%' | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) [root@SQL-S1 ~]# mysql -h292.168.0.88 -ulogen -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.5.55-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | school | +--------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use school; Database changed mysql> mysql> show tables; +------------------+ | Tables_in_school | +------------------+ | student | +------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> mysql> select * from student; +----+--------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+--------+-----+-----+ | 1 | 小东 | 男 | 0 | | 3 | 小北 | 女 | 12 | +----+--------+-----+-----+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.4 revoke
mysql> revoke all on school.student from logen@'192.168.0.%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show grants for logen@'192.168.0.%'; +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for logen@192.168.0.% | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'logen'@'192.168.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257' | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) [root@SQL-S1 ~]# mysql -h292.168.0.88 -ulogen -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.5.55-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | +--------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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