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这篇文章主要介绍InnoDB IO路径源码的示例分析,文中介绍的非常详细,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完!
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InnoDB实现IO Flush通过“os_file_flush”宏收敛,macro展开后为”os_file_flush_func”。
接下来,我们重点看一下,还有其它哪些场景会调用到这个os_file_flush_func函数:
1. buf_dblwr_init_or_load_pages中,在double buffer 做crash恢复时,如果设置了reset_space_ids为”true”
2. fil_create_new_single_table_tablespace中,创建表数据文件时
3. fil_user_tablespace_restore_page中,从double writer buffer中copy page时
4. fil_tablespace_iterate中,如果iterate page失败时,会做一次sync
5. os_file_set_size中,在文件新创建时初始化文件大小时
从上面可以看出,直接调用os_file_flush_func还是非常少的。那么系统中还有一些是调用os_file_flush_func的上层函数fil_flush:
1. buf_dblwr_flush_buffered_writes中,flush double write buffer到disk
2. buf_dblwr_write_single_page中,单页flush到disk中
3. buf_flush_write_block_low中,flush block到disk中,一般在调double write buffer“buf_dblwr_flush_buffered_writes“之后调用
4. buf_LRU_remove_pages中,delete某个tablespace中的page时,做sync调用
5. fil_rename_tablespace中,rename一个tablespace时调用
6. fil_extend_space_to_desired_size中,extend space时
7. fil_flush_file_spaces中,flush 批量tablespace的page时,被ha_innodb的force checkpoint时调用,shutdown DB时调用等
8. log_io_complete中,log io完成时,checkpoint write以及其它,是否调用受sync方式影响,非commit依赖
9. log_write_up_to中,commit事务时,这个是重点,innodb 的log file都会调用,而且是同步
10. create_log_files_rename中,rename log file时
11. innobase_start_or_create_for_MySQL中,创建新的文件时
在fil_flush函数中,所有文件的flush cache行为受fil_system->mutex保护。因此不管是data file还是log file,文件级别的flush是串化的。那么具体是怎么来控制的呢?
1. 检查file node中的n_pending_flushes,如果大于“0”就一直retry
2. 如果为“0”,进入flush阶段,在正式开始flush之前,先将n_pending_flushe加“1”,这个操作受上文提到的“fil->mutex“保护
3. 调用“os_file_flush“ flush完成之后,n_pending_flushes减“1”,也同样由“fil->mutex“保护
下面是MySQL中retry的代码:
retry: if(node->n_pending_flushes > 0) { /* We want to avoid calling os_file_flush() on the file twice at the same time, because we do not know what bugs OS's may contain in file i/o */ ib_int64_t sig_count = os_event_reset(node->sync_event); mutex_exit(&fil_system->mutex); os_event_wait_low(node->sync_event, sig_count); mutex_enter(&fil_system->mutex); if(node->flush_counter >= old_mod_counter) { gotoskip_flush; } gotoretry; } |
下面是MySQL中flush的代码:
ut_a(node->open); file = node->handle; node->n_pending_flushes++; mutex_exit(&fil_system->mutex); os_file_flush(file); mutex_enter(&fil_system->mutex); os_event_set(node->sync_event); node->n_pending_flushes--; node->flush_size = node->size; |
上面提到的逻辑,对于log file也同样处理。Log file的tablespace为log space。对于log file,还受到log_sys->mutex的保护,在log_write_up_to函数中。
Log file的flush行为收敛到“log_write_up_to”函数体中,再调用fil_flush,最终走到os_file_flush_func。
MySQL在commit的时候,如果”innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1”时,调用两次同步的log_write_up_to,一次是innobase log file 的flush,一次是bin log的flush。
如果关掉bin log,则在ordered_commit函数中,不会走sync_blog分支。以下是关掉和不关掉时,innobase flush log file的执行路径。
不带binlog时的Innobase 的pstack如下:
fsync,os_file_fsync,os_file_flush_func,fil_flush,log_write_up_to,trx_flush_log_if_needed_low,trx_flush_log_if_needed,trx_commit_complete_for_mysql,innobase_commit,ha_commit_low,TC_LOG_DUMMY::commit,ha_commit_trans,trans_commit_stmt,mysql_execute_command,mysql_parse,dispatch_command,do_command,do_handle_one_connection,handle_one_connection,start_thread,clone |
带Binlog的flush pstack如下:
fsync,os_file_fsync,os_file_flush_func,fil_flush,log_write_up_to,innobase_flush_logs,flush_handlerton,plugin_foreach_with_mask,ha_flush_logs,MYSQL_BIN_LOG::process_flush_stage_queue,MYSQL_BIN_LOG::ordered_commit,MYSQL_BIN_LOG::commit,ha_commit_trans,trans_commit_stmt,mysql_execute_command,mysql_parse,dispatch_command,do_command,do_handle_one_connection,handle_one_connection,start_thread,clone |
从上面大致的调用来看,log_write_up_to()和log_io_complete()将是重点,因为这些flush在file级别是串行的,commit时的rt主要由这些串化带来。
接下来我们看一下log_write_up_to的调用者都有那些:
1. buf_flush_write_block_low,在force flush中调用,保证日志必须先于数据落地,刷脏页时,由page_cleaner_do_flush_batch()发起调用到此函数
2. innobase_flush_logs,在commit时调用,主要由flush binlog分支调用
3. trx_flush_log_if_needed_low,在commit时调用,主要由flush innodb log file时调用
4. log_buffer_flush_to_disk,log buffer刷日志到disk
5. log_buffer_sync_in_background,后台线程同步log buffer到disk,由srv_master_thread 线程调srv_sync_log_buffer_in_background()调用到,每秒一次
6. log_flush_margin,主要为腾挪log buffer空间时调用
7. log_checkpoint,主要在做checkpoint时调用到,由srv_master线程调用srv_master_do_idle_tasks(),每秒做一次
log_io_complete()函数的调用情况:
1. fil_aio_wait,aio wait中如果是log io将会调用此方法
从上面分析可以看到,主要影响RT比较严重的还是因为刷脏页导致的log_sys->mutex争用。另外,log_buffer_sync_in_background和log_checkpoint,这两个都是由后台srv_master_thread线程每隔一秒调用到。
但是这两个方法不一定会执行fil_flush,所以不是影响的主因。gdb挂上去后,大致会走到fil_flush争用的pstack如下:
Breakpoint 13, fil_flush (space_id=4294967280, from=FLUSH_FROM_LOG_WRITE_UP_TO) at /u01/mysql-5.6/storage/innobase/fil/fil0fil.cc:6478 6478 { (gdb) bt #0 fil_flush (space_id=4294967280, from=FLUSH_FROM_LOG_WRITE_UP_TO) at /u01/mysql-5.6/storage/innobase/fil/fil0fil.cc:6478 #1 0x0000000000c890e5 in log_write_up_to (lsn=, wait=, flush_to_disk=1, caller=) at /u01/mysql-5.6/storage/innobase/log/log0log.cc:1674 #2 0x0000000000d79d26 in buf_flush_write_block_low (sync=false, flush_type=BUF_FLUSH_LIST, bpage=0x7fd706332330) at /u01/mysql-5.6/storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:902 #3 buf_flush_page (buf_pool=, bpage=0x7fd706332330, flush_type=BUF_FLUSH_LIST, sync=) at /u01/mysql-5.6/storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:1061 #4 0x0000000000d7a43e in buf_flush_try_neighbors (space=0, offset=offset@entry=5, flush_type=flush_type@entry=BUF_FLUSH_LIST, n_flushed=n_flushed@entry=1, n_to_flush=n_to_flush@entry=250) at /u01/mysql-5.6/storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:1271 #5 0x0000000000d7b1b1 in buf_flush_page_and_try_neighbors (flush_type=BUF_FLUSH_LIST, count=, n_to_flush=250, bpage=) at /u01/mysql-5.6/storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:1355 #6 buf_do_flush_list_batch (buf_pool=buf_pool@entry=0x1f817d8, min_n=min_n@entry=250, lsn_limit=lsn_limit@entry=18446744073709551615) at /u01/mysql-5.6/storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:1623 #7 0x0000000000d7b308 in buf_flush_batch (flush_type=BUF_FLUSH_LIST, lsn_limit=18446744073709551615, min_n=, buf_pool=0x1f817d8) at /u01/mysql-5.6/storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:1693 #8 buf_flush_list (min_n=, n_processed=n_processed@entry=0x7fc6dd7f9bd8, lsn_limit=18446744073709551615) at /u01/mysql-5.6/storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:1939 #9 0x0000000000d7c79b in page_cleaner_do_flush_batch (lsn_limit=18446744073709551615, n_to_flush=) at /u01/mysql-5.6/storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:2216 #10 buf_flush_page_cleaner_thread (arg=) at /u01/mysql-5.6/storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:2588 #11 0x00007fd950ef9dc5 in start_thread () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0 #12 0x00007fd94ef4a28d in clone () from /lib64/libc.so.6 Breakpoint 5, fil_flush (space_id=4294967280, from=FLUSH_FROM_LOG_IO_COMPLETE) at /u01/mysql-5.6/storage/innobase/fil/fil0fil.cc:6478 6478 { (gdb) bt #0 fil_flush (space_id=4294967280, from=FLUSH_FROM_LOG_IO_COMPLETE) at /u01/mysql-5.6/storage/innobase/fil/fil0fil.cc:6478 #1 0x0000000000c86c78 in log_io_complete (group=) at /u01/mysql-5.6/storage/innobase/log/log0log.cc:1239 #2 0x0000000000db5a4b in fil_aio_wait (segment=segment@entry=1) at /u01/mysql-5.6/storage/innobase/fil/fil0fil.cc:6463 #3 0x0000000000d09ba0 in io_handler_thread (arg=) at /u01/mysql-5.6/storage/innobase/srv/srv0start.cc:498 #4 0x00007fb818efddc5 in start_thread () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0 #5 0x00007fb816f4e28d in clone () from /lib64/libc.so.6 1: *node = {space = 0x30aa218, name = 0x30aa948 "/mnt/mysql-redo/my3308/data/ib_logfile0", open = 1, handle = 10, sync_event = 0x30aa980, is_raw_disk = 0, size = 262144, n_pending = 0, n_pending_flushes = 0, being_extended = 0, modification_counter = 49, flush_counter = 41, flush_size = 262144, chain = {prev = 0x0, next = 0x30aaa78}, LRU = {prev = 0x0, next = 0x0}, magic_n = 89389} |
因此,总结起来,应该是commit做的两次fsync加上一次page cleaner做的log_write_up_to()。另外,还有一个fil_aio_wait完成时,如果是log io,就会做一次log_io_complete()。
这四次fsync都会对用户的rt有影响,commit的两次无可避免,后面两次最多也就是调整频率。另外是否可以改变fsync的方式?这个读者可以思考。
比oracle实现差,oracle不会作强制的,我记得是给一个标记,策略还是按redo自己的策略来做。oracle的实现应该是考虑到这一点了.
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